I am interested in better understanding affective states, comprising transient ‘emotions’ and longer-term ‘moods’, in non-human animals. My research aims to address three broad questions: (1) how can we measure affect objectively (2) how can we induce positive affect and minimise negative affect, and (3) why might affective states exist (i.e. what is their adaptive function)? To answer these questions, my research takes a multidisciplinary approach and draws on a range of fields including cognitive and computational neuroscience, decision theory, ethology, and psychology.