التعريف بمؤشر رأس المال البشري ودلالاته بالنسبة لمصر: في ضوء التقرير عن التنمية في العالم 2019: الطبيعة المتغيرة للعمل

This paper explains a new crucial indicator in measuring knowledge and human capabilities which is the Human Capital Index ("HCI"). This index was launched by the World Bank Group in October 2018. At the beginning of this paper, HCI is introduced and the reasons behind its significance are explained. These reasons revolve mainly around the need to motivate countries to increase investment in human capital to tackle the challenges of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Following which, the three components of HCI – the rate of child survival until the age of five, education, and health – are explained in a simplified manner. After that, the research reports the overall HCI and the components for Egypt and its ranking amongst all 157 economies included in the index. Egypt has an HCI of around 0.49 and ranks 104th. This low rank is mainly attributable to poor quality of education in Egypt as the Egyptian child, in the age-group 4-18 years, only receives 6.3 years of education out of 14 years, according to the benchmark of complete high-quality education which is the second component of HCI. Accordingly, the research concludes with making recommendations that can help improving the quality of education in Egypt, mostly related to investment in early childhood development.