5G enabled Freeports: A conceptual framework

A novel conceptual framework is developed that depicts a generic Freeport model underpinned by 5G technology. The framework is based on preliminary findings from a 5G testbed project and secondary 5G use cases from both practice and academic literature. We first provide a descriptive model of the current state of a port without 5G and Freeport status, identify the challenges and opportunities for logistics flows if Freeport status is attained and then prescribe how 5G may enable seamless logistics flows. With multiple challenges for ports generally, Freeport status increases the level of complexity of the core and support business processes that deliver goods from origin to destination. Despite that increased complexity, Freeports can attract investment and generate revenue, thus the enablement of Freeports is notionally beneficial in the long run. As complexity is anathema to smooth logistics flows, we develop a prescriptive model to exploit 5G to improve efficiency and effectiveness within a Freeport. We demonstrate the application of the prescriptive model with a 5G Freeport use case supported by simulation results, from which we aim to contribute to the overall adoption of 5G in Freeports.