Abstract
Background and Purpose
The α7 and α4β2* (“*” denotes possibly assembly with another subunit) nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are the most abundant nAChRs in the mammalian brain. These receptors are the most targeted nAChRs in drug discovery programmes for brain disorders. However, the development of subtype-specific agonists remains challenging due to the high degree of sequence homology and conservation of function in nAChRs. We have developed C(10) variants of cytisine, a partial agonist of α4β2 nAChR that has been used for smoking cessation. The C(10) methyl analogue used in this study displays negligible affinity for α7 nAChR, while retaining high affinity for α4β2 nAChR.
Experimental Approach
The structural underpinning of the selectivity of 10-methylcytisine for α7 and α4β2 nAChRs was investigated using molecular dynamic simulations, mutagenesis and whole-cell and single-channel current recordings.
Key Results
We identified a conserved arginine in the β3 strand that exhibits a non-conserved function in nAChRs. In α4β2 nAChR, the arginine forms a salt bridge with an aspartate residue in loop B that is necessary for receptor expression, whereas in α7 nAChR, this residue is not stabilised by electrostatic interactions, making its side chain highly mobile. This lack of constrain produces steric clashes with agonists and affects the dynamics of residues involved in agonist binding and the coupling network.
Conclusion and Implications
We conclude that the high mobility of the β3-strand arginine in the α7 nAChR influences agonist binding and possibly gating network and desensitisation. The findings have implications for rational design of subtype-selective nAChR agents.
The α7 and α4β2* (“*” denotes possibly assembly with another subunit) nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are the most abundant nAChRs in the mammalian brain. These receptors are the most targeted nAChRs in drug discovery programmes for brain disorders. However, the development of subtype-specific agonists remains challenging due to the high degree of sequence homology and conservation of function in nAChRs. We have developed C(10) variants of cytisine, a partial agonist of α4β2 nAChR that has been used for smoking cessation. The C(10) methyl analogue used in this study displays negligible affinity for α7 nAChR, while retaining high affinity for α4β2 nAChR.
Experimental Approach
The structural underpinning of the selectivity of 10-methylcytisine for α7 and α4β2 nAChRs was investigated using molecular dynamic simulations, mutagenesis and whole-cell and single-channel current recordings.
Key Results
We identified a conserved arginine in the β3 strand that exhibits a non-conserved function in nAChRs. In α4β2 nAChR, the arginine forms a salt bridge with an aspartate residue in loop B that is necessary for receptor expression, whereas in α7 nAChR, this residue is not stabilised by electrostatic interactions, making its side chain highly mobile. This lack of constrain produces steric clashes with agonists and affects the dynamics of residues involved in agonist binding and the coupling network.
Conclusion and Implications
We conclude that the high mobility of the β3-strand arginine in the α7 nAChR influences agonist binding and possibly gating network and desensitisation. The findings have implications for rational design of subtype-selective nAChR agents.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 1651-1668 |
| Number of pages | 18 |
| Journal | British Journal of Pharmacology |
| Volume | 178 |
| Issue number | 7 |
| Early online date | 27 Feb 2021 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 8 Mar 2021 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:We thank the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) (EP/N024117/1) for financial support and Achieve Life Sciences for a generous gift of (−)‐cytisine. All MD simulations were carried out using the computational facilities of the Advanced Computing Research Centre, University of Bristol ( http://www.bris.ac.uk/acrc ). A.J.M. also thanks EPSRC for funding for CCPBioSim, the UK Collaborative Computational Project on Biomolecular Simulation ( ccpbiosim.ac.uk ) under Grant EP/M022609/1. T.M.‐V. was funded by a Nigel Groome Oxford Brookes University studentship. Single‐channel work was supported by grants from Universidad Nacional del Sur (PGI 24/B227) to C.B. and from Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (PICT‐2015‐0941 and PICT‐2017‐1170).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The British Pharmacological Society
Structured keywords
- BrisSynBio
- Bristol BioDesign Institute
Keywords
- Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
- agonist selectivity
- cytisine
- C(10) cytisine derivatives
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