A GWAS meta-analysis of alpha angle suggests cam-type morphology may be a specific feature of hip osteoarthritis in older adults

Benjamin G Faber; Monika Frysz; April E Hartley; Raja Ebsim; Cindy G Boer; Fiona R Saunders; Jennifer S Gregory; Richard M Aspden; Nicholas C Harvey; Lorraine Southam; William Giles; Christine L Le Maitre; J Mark Wilkinson; Joyce B J van Meurs; Eleftheria Zeggini; Timothy Cootes; Claudia Lindner; John P Kemp; George Davey Smith; Jonathan H Tobias

doi:10.1002/art.42451

A GWAS meta-analysis of alpha angle suggests cam-type morphology may be a specific feature of hip osteoarthritis in older adults

Benjamin G Faber^*, Monika Frysz, April E Hartley, Raja Ebsim, Cindy G Boer, Fiona R Saunders, Jennifer S Gregory, Richard M Aspden, Nicholas C Harvey, Lorraine Southam, William Giles, Christine L Le Maitre, J Mark Wilkinson, Joyce B J van Meurs, Eleftheria Zeggini, Timothy Cootes, Claudia Lindner, John P Kemp, George Davey Smith, Jonathan H Tobias

^*Corresponding author for this work

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Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To examine the genetic architecture of cam morphology, using alpha angle (AA) as a proxy measure, we conducted an AA genome wide association study (GWAS), followed by Mendelian randomisation (MR) to evaluate its causal relationship with hip osteoarthritis (HOA).

METHODS: Observational analyses examined associations between AA derived from hip DXA scans in UK Biobank (UKB), and radiographic HOA (rHOA) and subsequent total hip replacement (THR). Afterwards, an AA GWAS meta-analysis was performed (n=44,214), using AA previously derived in the Rotterdam Study (RS). Linkage disequilibrium score regression assessed the genetic correlation between AA and HOA. Genetic associations with P<5x10-8 instrumented AA for two-sample MR.

RESULTS: DXA-derived AA showed expected associations between AA and rHOA (OR 1.63 [95% CI 1.58-1.67]) and THR (HR 1.45 [1.33-1.59]) in UKB. The heritability of AA was 10% and AA had a moderate genetic correlation with HOA (rg =0.26 [0.10-0.43]). Eight independent genetic signals were associated with AA. Two-sample MR provided weak evidence of causal effects of AA on HOA risk (inverse variance weighted (IVW): OR=1.84 [1.14-2.96], P 0.01). In contrast, genetic predisposition for HOA had stronger evidence of a causal effect on increased AA (IVW: β=0.09 [0.04-0.13], P 4.58 x 10-05 ).

CONCLUSIONS: Expected observational associations between AA and related clinical outcomes provided face-validity for the DXA-derived AA measures. Evidence of bidirectional associations between AA and HOA, particularly in the reverse direction, suggests that hip shape modelling secondary to a genetic predisposition to HOA contributes to the well-established relationship between HOA and cam morphology in older adults.

Original language	English
Journal	Arthritis and Rheumatology
Early online date	20 Jan 2023
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/art.42451
Publication status	E-pub ahead of print - 20 Jan 2023

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Bristol Population Health Science Institute

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Gaunt, L. F. & Davey Smith, G.
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Faber, B. G., Frysz, M., Hartley, A. E., Ebsim, R., Boer, C. G., Saunders, F. R., Gregory, J. S., Aspden, R. M., Harvey, N. C., Southam, L., Giles, W., Le Maitre, C. L., Wilkinson, J. M., van Meurs, J. B. J., Zeggini, E., Cootes, T., Lindner, C., Kemp, J. P., Davey Smith, G., & Tobias, J. H. (2023). A GWAS meta-analysis of alpha angle suggests cam-type morphology may be a specific feature of hip osteoarthritis in older adults. Arthritis and Rheumatology. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.42451

@article{cca0a549a7e14ff0adda81d275eb105e,

title = "A GWAS meta-analysis of alpha angle suggests cam-type morphology may be a specific feature of hip osteoarthritis in older adults",

abstract = "OBJECTIVES: To examine the genetic architecture of cam morphology, using alpha angle (AA) as a proxy measure, we conducted an AA genome wide association study (GWAS), followed by Mendelian randomisation (MR) to evaluate its causal relationship with hip osteoarthritis (HOA).METHODS: Observational analyses examined associations between AA derived from hip DXA scans in UK Biobank (UKB), and radiographic HOA (rHOA) and subsequent total hip replacement (THR). Afterwards, an AA GWAS meta-analysis was performed (n=44,214), using AA previously derived in the Rotterdam Study (RS). Linkage disequilibrium score regression assessed the genetic correlation between AA and HOA. Genetic associations with P<5x10-8 instrumented AA for two-sample MR.RESULTS: DXA-derived AA showed expected associations between AA and rHOA (OR 1.63 [95% CI 1.58-1.67]) and THR (HR 1.45 [1.33-1.59]) in UKB. The heritability of AA was 10% and AA had a moderate genetic correlation with HOA (rg =0.26 [0.10-0.43]). Eight independent genetic signals were associated with AA. Two-sample MR provided weak evidence of causal effects of AA on HOA risk (inverse variance weighted (IVW): OR=1.84 [1.14-2.96], P 0.01). In contrast, genetic predisposition for HOA had stronger evidence of a causal effect on increased AA (IVW: β=0.09 [0.04-0.13], P 4.58 x 10-05 ).CONCLUSIONS: Expected observational associations between AA and related clinical outcomes provided face-validity for the DXA-derived AA measures. Evidence of bidirectional associations between AA and HOA, particularly in the reverse direction, suggests that hip shape modelling secondary to a genetic predisposition to HOA contributes to the well-established relationship between HOA and cam morphology in older adults.",

author = "Faber, {Benjamin G} and Monika Frysz and Hartley, {April E} and Raja Ebsim and Boer, {Cindy G} and Saunders, {Fiona R} and Gregory, {Jennifer S} and Aspden, {Richard M} and Harvey, {Nicholas C} and Lorraine Southam and William Giles and {Le Maitre}, {Christine L} and Wilkinson, {J Mark} and {van Meurs}, {Joyce B J} and Eleftheria Zeggini and Timothy Cootes and Claudia Lindner and Kemp, {John P} and {Davey Smith}, George and Tobias, {Jonathan H}",

year = "2023",

month = jan,

day = "20",

doi = "10.1002/art.42451",

language = "English",

journal = "Arthritis and Rheumatology",

issn = "2326-5191",

publisher = "Wiley",

}

Faber, BG , Frysz, M , Hartley, AE, Ebsim, R, Boer, CG, Saunders, FR, Gregory, JS, Aspden, RM, Harvey, NC, Southam, L, Giles, W, Le Maitre, CL, Wilkinson, JM, van Meurs, JBJ, Zeggini, E, Cootes, T, Lindner, C, Kemp, JP, Davey Smith, G & Tobias, JH 2023, 'A GWAS meta-analysis of alpha angle suggests cam-type morphology may be a specific feature of hip osteoarthritis in older adults', Arthritis and Rheumatology. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.42451

TY - JOUR

T1 - A GWAS meta-analysis of alpha angle suggests cam-type morphology may be a specific feature of hip osteoarthritis in older adults

AU - Faber, Benjamin G

AU - Frysz, Monika

AU - Hartley, April E

AU - Ebsim, Raja

AU - Boer, Cindy G

AU - Saunders, Fiona R

AU - Gregory, Jennifer S

AU - Aspden, Richard M

AU - Harvey, Nicholas C

AU - Southam, Lorraine

AU - Giles, William

AU - Le Maitre, Christine L

AU - Wilkinson, J Mark

AU - van Meurs, Joyce B J

AU - Zeggini, Eleftheria

AU - Cootes, Timothy

AU - Lindner, Claudia

AU - Kemp, John P

AU - Davey Smith, George

AU - Tobias, Jonathan H

PY - 2023/1/20

Y1 - 2023/1/20

N2 - OBJECTIVES: To examine the genetic architecture of cam morphology, using alpha angle (AA) as a proxy measure, we conducted an AA genome wide association study (GWAS), followed by Mendelian randomisation (MR) to evaluate its causal relationship with hip osteoarthritis (HOA).METHODS: Observational analyses examined associations between AA derived from hip DXA scans in UK Biobank (UKB), and radiographic HOA (rHOA) and subsequent total hip replacement (THR). Afterwards, an AA GWAS meta-analysis was performed (n=44,214), using AA previously derived in the Rotterdam Study (RS). Linkage disequilibrium score regression assessed the genetic correlation between AA and HOA. Genetic associations with P<5x10-8 instrumented AA for two-sample MR.RESULTS: DXA-derived AA showed expected associations between AA and rHOA (OR 1.63 [95% CI 1.58-1.67]) and THR (HR 1.45 [1.33-1.59]) in UKB. The heritability of AA was 10% and AA had a moderate genetic correlation with HOA (rg =0.26 [0.10-0.43]). Eight independent genetic signals were associated with AA. Two-sample MR provided weak evidence of causal effects of AA on HOA risk (inverse variance weighted (IVW): OR=1.84 [1.14-2.96], P 0.01). In contrast, genetic predisposition for HOA had stronger evidence of a causal effect on increased AA (IVW: β=0.09 [0.04-0.13], P 4.58 x 10-05 ).CONCLUSIONS: Expected observational associations between AA and related clinical outcomes provided face-validity for the DXA-derived AA measures. Evidence of bidirectional associations between AA and HOA, particularly in the reverse direction, suggests that hip shape modelling secondary to a genetic predisposition to HOA contributes to the well-established relationship between HOA and cam morphology in older adults.

AB - OBJECTIVES: To examine the genetic architecture of cam morphology, using alpha angle (AA) as a proxy measure, we conducted an AA genome wide association study (GWAS), followed by Mendelian randomisation (MR) to evaluate its causal relationship with hip osteoarthritis (HOA).METHODS: Observational analyses examined associations between AA derived from hip DXA scans in UK Biobank (UKB), and radiographic HOA (rHOA) and subsequent total hip replacement (THR). Afterwards, an AA GWAS meta-analysis was performed (n=44,214), using AA previously derived in the Rotterdam Study (RS). Linkage disequilibrium score regression assessed the genetic correlation between AA and HOA. Genetic associations with P<5x10-8 instrumented AA for two-sample MR.RESULTS: DXA-derived AA showed expected associations between AA and rHOA (OR 1.63 [95% CI 1.58-1.67]) and THR (HR 1.45 [1.33-1.59]) in UKB. The heritability of AA was 10% and AA had a moderate genetic correlation with HOA (rg =0.26 [0.10-0.43]). Eight independent genetic signals were associated with AA. Two-sample MR provided weak evidence of causal effects of AA on HOA risk (inverse variance weighted (IVW): OR=1.84 [1.14-2.96], P 0.01). In contrast, genetic predisposition for HOA had stronger evidence of a causal effect on increased AA (IVW: β=0.09 [0.04-0.13], P 4.58 x 10-05 ).CONCLUSIONS: Expected observational associations between AA and related clinical outcomes provided face-validity for the DXA-derived AA measures. Evidence of bidirectional associations between AA and HOA, particularly in the reverse direction, suggests that hip shape modelling secondary to a genetic predisposition to HOA contributes to the well-established relationship between HOA and cam morphology in older adults.

U2 - 10.1002/art.42451

DO - 10.1002/art.42451

M3 - Article (Academic Journal)

C2 - 36662418

JO - Arthritis and Rheumatology

JF - Arthritis and Rheumatology

SN - 2326-5191

ER -

A GWAS meta-analysis of alpha angle suggests cam-type morphology may be a specific feature of hip osteoarthritis in older adults

Abstract

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IEU: MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit Quinquennial renewal

Cite this