A renewed rise in global HCFC-141b emissions between 2017-2021

Luke M Western; Alison L. Redington; Alistair J Manning; Cathy M. Trudinger; Lei Hu; Stephan Henne; Xuekun Fang; Lambert J. M. Kuijpers; Christina Theodoridi; David S.  Godwin; Jgor Arduini; Bronwyn L. Dunse; Andreas Engel; Paul J. Fraser; Christina M. Harth; Paul B Krummel; Michela Maione; Jens Mühle; Simon O'Doherty; Hyeri Park; Sunyoung Park; Stefan Reimann; P. K. Salameh; Daniel Say; Roland Schmidt; Tanja Schuck; Carolina Siso; Kieran M Stanley; Isaac Vimont; M. K. Vollmer; T D S Young; R. G. Prinn; Ray F Weiss; S. A. Montzka; Matthew L Rigby

doi:10.5194/acp-22-9601-2022

A renewed rise in global HCFC-141b emissions between 2017-2021

Luke M Western^*, Alison L. Redington, Alistair J Manning, Cathy M. Trudinger, Lei Hu, Stephan Henne, Xuekun Fang, Lambert J. M. Kuijpers, Christina Theodoridi, David S. Godwin, Jgor Arduini, Bronwyn L. Dunse, Andreas Engel, Paul J. Fraser, Christina M. Harth, Paul B Krummel, Michela Maione, Jens Mühle, Simon O'Doherty, Hyeri ParkSunyoung Park, Stefan Reimann, P. K. Salameh, Daniel Say, Roland Schmidt, Tanja Schuck, Carolina Siso, Kieran M Stanley, Isaac Vimont, M. K. Vollmer, T D S Young, R. G. Prinn, Ray F Weiss, S. A. Montzka, Matthew L Rigby

^*Corresponding author for this work

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Abstract

Global emissions of the ozone-depleting gas HCFC-141b (1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane, CH3CCl2F) derived from measurements of atmospheric mole fractions increased between 2017 and 2021 despite a fall in reported production and consumption of HCFC-141b for dispersive uses. HCFC-141b is a controlled substance under the Montreal Protocol, and its phase-out is currently underway, after a peak in reported consumption and production in developing (Article 5) countries in 2013. If reported production and consumption are correct, our study suggests that the 2017–2021 rise is due to an increase in emissions from the bank when appliances containing HCFC-141b reach the end of their life, or from production of HCFC-141b not reported for dispersive uses. Regional emissions have been estimated between 2017–2020 for all regions where measurements have sufficient sensitivity to emissions. This includes the regions of northwestern Europe, east Asia, the United States and Australia, where emissions decreased by a total of 2.3 ± 4.6 Gg yr−1, compared to a mean global increase of 3.0 ± 1.2 Gg yr−1 over the same period. Collectively these regions only account for around 30 % of global emissions in 2020. We are not able to pinpoint the source regions or specific activities responsible for the recent global emission rise.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	9601–9616
Number of pages	16
Journal	Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Volume	22
Issue number	14
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9601-2022
Publication status	Published - 28 Jul 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Acknowledgements. We thank the site operators for their continued support to maintain the measurements at the AGAGE and NOAA stations and the NOAA and CIRES personnel for technical and logistical support of facilitating the collection of tower and aircraft samples throughout North America. We thank Arlyn Andrews for providing the WRF-STILT footprints and Nada Derek for Cape Grim data analysis. We greatly thank Phil DeCola for supporting some of NOAA’s inverse modelling analyses. The NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program supports AGAGE (in- cluding partial support of Mace Head, Ragged Point and Cape Grim and full support of Trinidad Head and Cape Matatula) through grant NNX16AC98G to MIT and grants NNX16AC96G and NNX16AC97G to SIO and multiple preceding grants. Mace Head and Tacolneston station and InTEM are supported by the UK Department of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS contract 1537/06/2018). Cape Grim station is supported by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology, CSIRO, the Australian Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment (DAWE), and Refrigerant Reclaim Australia (RRA). Funding for NOAA measurements was provided in part by the NOAA Climate Program Office’s Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate (AC4) Program and by the NOAA Cooperative Agreement with CIRES, NA17OAR4320101. NOAA’s HYSPLIT-NAMS footprints simulations were supported by NOAA Climate Program Office’s AC4 programme and Climate Observations and Monitoring (COM) programme, grant number NA21OAR4310233. NOAA’s inverse modelling analysis was partially supported by the Grantham foundation and GIST.earth LLC. Computation at the University of Bristol was carried out by the University of Bristol BluePebble high-performance computing facility. FLEXPART simulations were carried out at the Swiss National Supercomputing Centre (CSCS) under project ID s862. Luke M. Western received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 101030750. Luke M. Western and Matthew Rigby were also supported by Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) grants NE/N016548/1 and R100529-101. Alistair J. Manning and Alison L. Redington are supported by the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme, funded by the UK’s Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. Sunyoung Park and Hyeri Park are supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the South Korean government (MSIT) (no. 2020R1A2C3003774). Lambert J. M. Kuijpers is supported by the Ozone Secretariat in Nairobi, which is partly funded for supporting this work by grants from the European Commission, Brussels.

Funding Information:
Financial support. This research has been supported by the H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (grant no. 101030750); the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (grant nos. NNX16AC98G, NNX16AC96G, and NNX16AC97G); the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, UK Government (grant no. 1537/06/2018); the Climate Program Office (grant no. NA21OAR4310233); the Natural Environment Research Council (grant nos. NE/N016548/1 and R100529-101); and the National Research Foundation of Korea (grant no. 2020R1A2C3003774).

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Highlight topics 2018: UK GHG evaluation: 'Detection and Attribution of Regional greenhouse gas Emissions in the UK (DARE-UK)'
Rigby, M. L. (Principal Investigator)
1/02/19 → 31/08/24
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NERC highlight "Closing the global methane budget"
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Cite this

Western, L. M., Redington, A. L., Manning, A. J., Trudinger, C. M., Hu, L., Henne, S., Fang, X., Kuijpers, L. J. M., Theodoridi, C., Godwin, D. S., Arduini, J., Dunse, B. L., Engel, A., Fraser, P. J., Harth, C. M., Krummel, P. B., Maione, M., Mühle, J., O'Doherty, S., ... Rigby, M. L. (2022). A renewed rise in global HCFC-141b emissions between 2017-2021. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 22(14), 9601–9616. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9601-2022

@article{b32f0b72dcc44a94abd850b86c072b28,

title = "A renewed rise in global HCFC-141b emissions between 2017-2021",

abstract = "Global emissions of the ozone-depleting gas HCFC-141b (1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane, CH3CCl2F) derived from measurements of atmospheric mole fractions increased between 2017 and 2021 despite a fall in reported production and consumption of HCFC-141b for dispersive uses. HCFC-141b is a controlled substance under the Montreal Protocol, and its phase-out is currently underway, after a peak in reported consumption and production in developing (Article 5) countries in 2013. If reported production and consumption are correct, our study suggests that the 2017–2021 rise is due to an increase in emissions from the bank when appliances containing HCFC-141b reach the end of their life, or from production of HCFC-141b not reported for dispersive uses. Regional emissions have been estimated between 2017–2020 for all regions where measurements have sufficient sensitivity to emissions. This includes the regions of northwestern Europe, east Asia, the United States and Australia, where emissions decreased by a total of 2.3 ± 4.6 Gg yr−1, compared to a mean global increase of 3.0 ± 1.2 Gg yr−1 over the same period. Collectively these regions only account for around 30 % of global emissions in 2020. We are not able to pinpoint the source regions or specific activities responsible for the recent global emission rise.",

author = "Western, {Luke M} and Redington, {Alison L.} and Manning, {Alistair J} and Trudinger, {Cathy M.} and Lei Hu and Stephan Henne and Xuekun Fang and Kuijpers, {Lambert J. M.} and Christina Theodoridi and Godwin, {David S.} and Jgor Arduini and Dunse, {Bronwyn L.} and Andreas Engel and Fraser, {Paul J.} and Harth, {Christina M.} and Krummel, {Paul B} and Michela Maione and Jens M{\"u}hle and Simon O'Doherty and Hyeri Park and Sunyoung Park and Stefan Reimann and Salameh, {P. K.} and Daniel Say and Roland Schmidt and Tanja Schuck and Carolina Siso and Stanley, {Kieran M} and Isaac Vimont and Vollmer, {M. K.} and Young, {T D S} and Prinn, {R. G.} and Weiss, {Ray F} and Montzka, {S. A.} and Rigby, {Matthew L}",

note = "Funding Information: Acknowledgements. We thank the site operators for their continued support to maintain the measurements at the AGAGE and NOAA stations and the NOAA and CIRES personnel for technical and logistical support of facilitating the collection of tower and aircraft samples throughout North America. We thank Arlyn Andrews for providing the WRF-STILT footprints and Nada Derek for Cape Grim data analysis. We greatly thank Phil DeCola for supporting some of NOAA{\textquoteright}s inverse modelling analyses. The NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program supports AGAGE (in- cluding partial support of Mace Head, Ragged Point and Cape Grim and full support of Trinidad Head and Cape Matatula) through grant NNX16AC98G to MIT and grants NNX16AC96G and NNX16AC97G to SIO and multiple preceding grants. Mace Head and Tacolneston station and InTEM are supported by the UK Department of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS contract 1537/06/2018). Cape Grim station is supported by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology, CSIRO, the Australian Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment (DAWE), and Refrigerant Reclaim Australia (RRA). Funding for NOAA measurements was provided in part by the NOAA Climate Program Office{\textquoteright}s Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate (AC4) Program and by the NOAA Cooperative Agreement with CIRES, NA17OAR4320101. NOAA{\textquoteright}s HYSPLIT-NAMS footprints simulations were supported by NOAA Climate Program Office{\textquoteright}s AC4 programme and Climate Observations and Monitoring (COM) programme, grant number NA21OAR4310233. NOAA{\textquoteright}s inverse modelling analysis was partially supported by the Grantham foundation and GIST.earth LLC. Computation at the University of Bristol was carried out by the University of Bristol BluePebble high-performance computing facility. FLEXPART simulations were carried out at the Swiss National Supercomputing Centre (CSCS) under project ID s862. Luke M. Western received funding from the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Marie Sk{\l}odowska-Curie grant agreement no. 101030750. Luke M. Western and Matthew Rigby were also supported by Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) grants NE/N016548/1 and R100529-101. Alistair J. Manning and Alison L. Redington are supported by the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme, funded by the UK{\textquoteright}s Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. Sunyoung Park and Hyeri Park are supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the South Korean government (MSIT) (no. 2020R1A2C3003774). Lambert J. M. Kuijpers is supported by the Ozone Secretariat in Nairobi, which is partly funded for supporting this work by grants from the European Commission, Brussels. Funding Information: Financial support. This research has been supported by the H2020 Marie Sk{\l}odowska-Curie Actions (grant no. 101030750); the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (grant nos. NNX16AC98G, NNX16AC96G, and NNX16AC97G); the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, UK Government (grant no. 1537/06/2018); the Climate Program Office (grant no. NA21OAR4310233); the Natural Environment Research Council (grant nos. NE/N016548/1 and R100529-101); and the National Research Foundation of Korea (grant no. 2020R1A2C3003774). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 The Author(s).",

year = "2022",

month = jul,

day = "28",

doi = "10.5194/acp-22-9601-2022",

language = "English",

volume = "22",

pages = "9601–9616",

journal = "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics",

issn = "1680-7316",

publisher = "Copernicus GmbH",

number = "14",

}

Western, LM, Redington, AL, Manning, AJ, Trudinger, CM, Hu, L, Henne, S, Fang, X, Kuijpers, LJM, Theodoridi, C, Godwin, DS, Arduini, J, Dunse, BL, Engel, A, Fraser, PJ, Harth, CM, Krummel, PB, Maione, M, Mühle, J, O'Doherty, S, Park, H, Park, S, Reimann, S, Salameh, PK, Say, D, Schmidt, R, Schuck, T, Siso, C, Stanley, KM, Vimont, I, Vollmer, MK, Young, TDS, Prinn, RG, Weiss, RF, Montzka, SA & Rigby, ML 2022, 'A renewed rise in global HCFC-141b emissions between 2017-2021', Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, vol. 22, no. 14, pp. 9601–9616. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9601-2022

TY - JOUR

T1 - A renewed rise in global HCFC-141b emissions between 2017-2021

AU - Western, Luke M

AU - Redington, Alison L.

AU - Manning, Alistair J

AU - Trudinger, Cathy M.

AU - Hu, Lei

AU - Henne, Stephan

AU - Fang, Xuekun

AU - Kuijpers, Lambert J. M.

AU - Theodoridi, Christina

AU - Godwin, David S.

AU - Arduini, Jgor

AU - Dunse, Bronwyn L.

AU - Engel, Andreas

AU - Fraser, Paul J.

AU - Harth, Christina M.

AU - Krummel, Paul B

AU - Maione, Michela

AU - Mühle, Jens

AU - O'Doherty, Simon

AU - Park, Hyeri

AU - Park, Sunyoung

AU - Reimann, Stefan

AU - Salameh, P. K.

AU - Say, Daniel

AU - Schmidt, Roland

AU - Schuck, Tanja

AU - Siso, Carolina

AU - Stanley, Kieran M

AU - Vimont, Isaac

AU - Vollmer, M. K.

AU - Young, T D S

AU - Prinn, R. G.

AU - Weiss, Ray F

AU - Montzka, S. A.

AU - Rigby, Matthew L

N1 - Funding Information: Acknowledgements. We thank the site operators for their continued support to maintain the measurements at the AGAGE and NOAA stations and the NOAA and CIRES personnel for technical and logistical support of facilitating the collection of tower and aircraft samples throughout North America. We thank Arlyn Andrews for providing the WRF-STILT footprints and Nada Derek for Cape Grim data analysis. We greatly thank Phil DeCola for supporting some of NOAA’s inverse modelling analyses. The NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program supports AGAGE (in- cluding partial support of Mace Head, Ragged Point and Cape Grim and full support of Trinidad Head and Cape Matatula) through grant NNX16AC98G to MIT and grants NNX16AC96G and NNX16AC97G to SIO and multiple preceding grants. Mace Head and Tacolneston station and InTEM are supported by the UK Department of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS contract 1537/06/2018). Cape Grim station is supported by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology, CSIRO, the Australian Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment (DAWE), and Refrigerant Reclaim Australia (RRA). Funding for NOAA measurements was provided in part by the NOAA Climate Program Office’s Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate (AC4) Program and by the NOAA Cooperative Agreement with CIRES, NA17OAR4320101. NOAA’s HYSPLIT-NAMS footprints simulations were supported by NOAA Climate Program Office’s AC4 programme and Climate Observations and Monitoring (COM) programme, grant number NA21OAR4310233. NOAA’s inverse modelling analysis was partially supported by the Grantham foundation and GIST.earth LLC. Computation at the University of Bristol was carried out by the University of Bristol BluePebble high-performance computing facility. FLEXPART simulations were carried out at the Swiss National Supercomputing Centre (CSCS) under project ID s862. Luke M. Western received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 101030750. Luke M. Western and Matthew Rigby were also supported by Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) grants NE/N016548/1 and R100529-101. Alistair J. Manning and Alison L. Redington are supported by the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme, funded by the UK’s Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. Sunyoung Park and Hyeri Park are supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the South Korean government (MSIT) (no. 2020R1A2C3003774). Lambert J. M. Kuijpers is supported by the Ozone Secretariat in Nairobi, which is partly funded for supporting this work by grants from the European Commission, Brussels. Funding Information: Financial support. This research has been supported by the H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (grant no. 101030750); the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (grant nos. NNX16AC98G, NNX16AC96G, and NNX16AC97G); the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, UK Government (grant no. 1537/06/2018); the Climate Program Office (grant no. NA21OAR4310233); the Natural Environment Research Council (grant nos. NE/N016548/1 and R100529-101); and the National Research Foundation of Korea (grant no. 2020R1A2C3003774). Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s).

PY - 2022/7/28

Y1 - 2022/7/28

N2 - Global emissions of the ozone-depleting gas HCFC-141b (1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane, CH3CCl2F) derived from measurements of atmospheric mole fractions increased between 2017 and 2021 despite a fall in reported production and consumption of HCFC-141b for dispersive uses. HCFC-141b is a controlled substance under the Montreal Protocol, and its phase-out is currently underway, after a peak in reported consumption and production in developing (Article 5) countries in 2013. If reported production and consumption are correct, our study suggests that the 2017–2021 rise is due to an increase in emissions from the bank when appliances containing HCFC-141b reach the end of their life, or from production of HCFC-141b not reported for dispersive uses. Regional emissions have been estimated between 2017–2020 for all regions where measurements have sufficient sensitivity to emissions. This includes the regions of northwestern Europe, east Asia, the United States and Australia, where emissions decreased by a total of 2.3 ± 4.6 Gg yr−1, compared to a mean global increase of 3.0 ± 1.2 Gg yr−1 over the same period. Collectively these regions only account for around 30 % of global emissions in 2020. We are not able to pinpoint the source regions or specific activities responsible for the recent global emission rise.

AB - Global emissions of the ozone-depleting gas HCFC-141b (1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane, CH3CCl2F) derived from measurements of atmospheric mole fractions increased between 2017 and 2021 despite a fall in reported production and consumption of HCFC-141b for dispersive uses. HCFC-141b is a controlled substance under the Montreal Protocol, and its phase-out is currently underway, after a peak in reported consumption and production in developing (Article 5) countries in 2013. If reported production and consumption are correct, our study suggests that the 2017–2021 rise is due to an increase in emissions from the bank when appliances containing HCFC-141b reach the end of their life, or from production of HCFC-141b not reported for dispersive uses. Regional emissions have been estimated between 2017–2020 for all regions where measurements have sufficient sensitivity to emissions. This includes the regions of northwestern Europe, east Asia, the United States and Australia, where emissions decreased by a total of 2.3 ± 4.6 Gg yr−1, compared to a mean global increase of 3.0 ± 1.2 Gg yr−1 over the same period. Collectively these regions only account for around 30 % of global emissions in 2020. We are not able to pinpoint the source regions or specific activities responsible for the recent global emission rise.

U2 - 10.5194/acp-22-9601-2022

DO - 10.5194/acp-22-9601-2022

M3 - Article (Academic Journal)

C2 - 39315358

SN - 1680-7316

VL - 22

SP - 9601

EP - 9616

JO - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

JF - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

IS - 14

ER -

A renewed rise in global HCFC-141b emissions between 2017-2021

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OpenGHG: A community platform for greenhouse gas data science

Highlight topics 2018: UK GHG evaluation: 'Detection and Attribution of Regional greenhouse gas Emissions in the UK (DARE-UK)'

NERC highlight "Closing the global methane budget"

Cite this