A spatial decision support framework for equitable sensor network distribution in the smart city

This paper introduces a proof-of-concept Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS) that assists decision-makers to generate equitably distributed sensor networks and evaluate their placement with reference to specific population-based coverage criteria. Our approach centres equity in infrastructure distribution; we focus on the decision-making process required to achieve the best possible sensor coverage of the geographic area for selected vulnerable populations and visualise trade-offs in coverage inherent in infrastructure distribution. The development of the tool brings together expertise from quantitative geography, urban planning, data science and software engineering, and its technical development is underpinned and shaped by interviews with decision-makers and their iterative feedback. Through this, we ask how can decision support tools help with the work of building equitable infrastructure? As well as a technical application, our approach develops a conceptual framework for how to think about evaluating sensor network purpose and distribution before actual placement. The unique combination of distribution algorithms, user interface, and decision-maker input, developed by an interdisciplinary team, offers a novel approach to sensor network conceptualisation and generation. This research contributes to the understanding of the distribution of essential infrastructure and can be repurposed for any sensor type and geographic location, to promote equity in infrastructure distribution.