A systematic review of the validity of non-invasive sleep-measuring devices in mid-to-late life adults: Future utility for Alzheimer’s disease research

Sebastian F Green*, Tory Frame, Luke Vikram Banerjee , Amy Gibson, Jonathan Blackman, Hamish D Morrison, Katie E Lloyd, Sarah Rudd, William George Frederick Fotherby, Ullrich Bartsch, Shaun Purcell, Matt W Jones, E J Coulthard*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticle (Academic Journal)peer-review

8 Citations (Scopus)
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Abstract

Changes in sleep during mid-to-late life are associated with risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Mechanistic understanding of this association necessitates measurement tools able to quantify these sleep changes longitudinally and accurately. We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis of validity studies of non-invasive sleep-measuring devices published since 2015 that record sleep metrics associated with AD in adults over 40 (mean 52.9, SD 6.1 years). We reviewed 52 studies, including 32 wearable and ten non-wearable single or multi-sensor devices validated against polysomnography (minimum one night). The apnoea hypopnoea index and oxygen desaturation index were accurately measured across devices. Total sleep time and sleep efficiency were significantly overestimated (p<0.001) by mean 33.2 minutes and 7.6%, respectively. Slow wave sleep duration was inaccurately measured except by a headband device with electroencephalography. There was no significance difference in accuracy between participants with and without sleep disorders. Studies were undermined by high risk of bias from closed-access algorithms and classification thresholds, and incomplete reporting of accuracy data. Only one study investigated slow wave activity, and none investigated sleep spindles. Nonetheless, we have identified devices that could be used in future studies of sleep and AD risk and discuss some of the limitations of available research.
Original languageEnglish
Article number101665
JournalSleep Medicine Reviews
Volume65
Early online date21 Aug 2022
DOIs
Publication statusE-pub ahead of print - 21 Aug 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
SFG, KL and HM are funded by a National Institute for Health Research Academic Clinical Fellowship . JB receives funding from Alzheimer's Research UK (supported by the Margaret Jost Fellowship and the Don Thoburn Memorial Scholarship), and the David Telling Charitable Trust . UB is supported by the UK Dementia Research Institute which receives its funding from DRI Ltd, funded by the UK Medical Research Council , Alzheimer’s Society and Alzheimer’s Research UK .

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Authors

Research Groups and Themes

  • Ageing and Movement Research Group

Keywords

  • Sleep
  • Alzheimer’s
  • NREM
  • REM
  • slow wave
  • apnoea
  • hypopnoea

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