TY - JOUR
T1 - Age at menopause, reproductive life span, and type 2 diabetes risk
T2 - results from the EPIC-InterAct study
AU - Brand, Judith S
AU - van der Schouw, Yvonne T
AU - Onland-Moret, N Charlotte
AU - Sharp, Stephen J
AU - Ong, Ken K
AU - Khaw, Kay-Tee
AU - Ardanaz, Eva
AU - Amiano, Pilar
AU - Boeing, Heiner
AU - Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores
AU - Clavel-Chapelon, Françoise
AU - Crowe, Francesca L
AU - de Lauzon-Guillain, Blandine
AU - Duell, Eric J
AU - Fagherazzi, Guy
AU - Franks, Paul W
AU - Grioni, Sara
AU - Groop, Leif C
AU - Kaaks, Rudolf
AU - Key, Timothy J
AU - Nilsson, Peter M
AU - Overvad, Kim
AU - Palli, Domenico
AU - Panico, Salvatore
AU - Quirós, J Ramón
AU - Rolandsson, Olov
AU - Sacerdote, Carlotta
AU - Sánchez, María-José
AU - Slimani, Nadia
AU - Teucher, Birgit
AU - Tjonneland, Anne
AU - Tumino, Rosario
AU - van der A, Daphne L
AU - Feskens, Edith J M
AU - Langenberg, Claudia
AU - Forouhi, Nita G
AU - Riboli, Elio
AU - Wareham, Nicholas J
AU - InterAct Consortium
PY - 2013/4
Y1 - 2013/4
N2 - OBJECTIVE: Age at menopause is an important determinant of future health outcomes, but little is known about its relationship with type 2 diabetes. We examined the associations of menopausal age and reproductive life span (menopausal age minus menarcheal age) with diabetes risk.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Data were obtained from the InterAct study, a prospective case-cohort study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. A total of 3,691 postmenopausal type 2 diabetic case subjects and 4,408 subcohort members were included in the analysis, with a median follow-up of 11 years. Prentice weighted Cox proportional hazards models were adjusted for age, known risk factors for diabetes, and reproductive factors, and effect modification by BMI, waist circumference, and smoking was studied.RESULTS: Mean (SD) age of the subcohort was 59.2 (5.8) years. After multivariable adjustment, hazard ratios (HRs) of type 2 diabetes were 1.32 (95% CI 1.04-1.69), 1.09 (0.90-1.31), 0.97 (0.86-1.10), and 0.85 (0.70-1.03) for women with menopause at ages <40, 40-44, 45-49, and ≥55 years, respectively, relative to those with menopause at age 50-54 years. The HR per SD younger age at menopause was 1.08 (1.02-1.14). Similarly, a shorter reproductive life span was associated with a higher diabetes risk (HR per SD lower reproductive life span 1.06 [1.01-1.12]). No effect modification by BMI, waist circumference, or smoking was observed (P interaction all > 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Early menopause is associated with a greater risk of type 2 diabetes.
AB - OBJECTIVE: Age at menopause is an important determinant of future health outcomes, but little is known about its relationship with type 2 diabetes. We examined the associations of menopausal age and reproductive life span (menopausal age minus menarcheal age) with diabetes risk.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Data were obtained from the InterAct study, a prospective case-cohort study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. A total of 3,691 postmenopausal type 2 diabetic case subjects and 4,408 subcohort members were included in the analysis, with a median follow-up of 11 years. Prentice weighted Cox proportional hazards models were adjusted for age, known risk factors for diabetes, and reproductive factors, and effect modification by BMI, waist circumference, and smoking was studied.RESULTS: Mean (SD) age of the subcohort was 59.2 (5.8) years. After multivariable adjustment, hazard ratios (HRs) of type 2 diabetes were 1.32 (95% CI 1.04-1.69), 1.09 (0.90-1.31), 0.97 (0.86-1.10), and 0.85 (0.70-1.03) for women with menopause at ages <40, 40-44, 45-49, and ≥55 years, respectively, relative to those with menopause at age 50-54 years. The HR per SD younger age at menopause was 1.08 (1.02-1.14). Similarly, a shorter reproductive life span was associated with a higher diabetes risk (HR per SD lower reproductive life span 1.06 [1.01-1.12]). No effect modification by BMI, waist circumference, or smoking was observed (P interaction all > 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Early menopause is associated with a greater risk of type 2 diabetes.
KW - Age Factors
KW - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
KW - Female
KW - Humans
KW - Menopause
KW - Middle Aged
KW - Prospective Studies
KW - Reproductive History
KW - Risk Factors
KW - Journal Article
KW - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
U2 - 10.2337/dc12-1020
DO - 10.2337/dc12-1020
M3 - Article (Academic Journal)
C2 - 23230098
VL - 36
SP - 1012
EP - 1019
JO - Diabetes Care
JF - Diabetes Care
SN - 0149-5992
IS - 4
ER -