Applications of diamond films: a review

Ever since methods to deposit diamond in the form of thin films by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) were developed in the 1990s, an astonishing variety of applications for this material has emerged. Indeed, the number and diversity of applications for CVD diamond is now so large that they merit a dedicated review in their own right, providing a comprehensive account of the huge variety of CVD diamond applications reported to date. This review discusses mechanical applications, as well as applications in electrochemistry, high-power electronic devices, quantum technology, thermal management, electron-emission devices, diamond composite materials, optics, radiation detectors, X-ray lenses, dosimeters, biomedical applications, diamond anvil cells, nuclear fusion applications, and nuclear betavoltaic batteries. Some applications for nanodiamond particles are also reviewed.