Abstract
Background
Midlife suicide among women has attracted increasing research attention. This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal association between menopause and suicidal ideation among middle-aged women.
Methods
Our data were derived from the Tokyo Teen Cohort, a population-based survey of early adolescents (N = 3171) and their primary caregivers (typically, mothers) in Japan. A total of 2944 mothers (baseline mean age = 44.0 years) were included in the analysis. The baseline assessment in this study was performed at second-wave survey from July 2014 to January 2017. A follow-up assessment was conducted at fourth-wave survey from February 2019 to September 2021. Suicidal ideation at baseline and follow-up was assessed using the Suicidal
Ideation subscale of the 28-item General Health Questionnaire. Menopausal stage was classified based on self-report at fourth-wave survey.
Results
Participants who started the perimenopausal stage after baseline were significantly more likely to have suicidal ideation at follow-up than those who did not have experienced menopausal transition yet. Participants with greater social support were less likely to report suicidal ideation at follow-up, even after adjusting for baseline suicidal ideation.
Limitations
This study was based on self-report regarding menopausal stage and only included mothers of adolescents from Japan. An exact length of time from the onset to the presence of suicidal ideation was unavailable.
Conclusions
Women who have experienced the onset of menopausal transition presented an increased risk of suicidal ideation. Psychosocial interventions to increase social support may be beneficial in preventing mental health inequalities during menopausal transitions.
Midlife suicide among women has attracted increasing research attention. This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal association between menopause and suicidal ideation among middle-aged women.
Methods
Our data were derived from the Tokyo Teen Cohort, a population-based survey of early adolescents (N = 3171) and their primary caregivers (typically, mothers) in Japan. A total of 2944 mothers (baseline mean age = 44.0 years) were included in the analysis. The baseline assessment in this study was performed at second-wave survey from July 2014 to January 2017. A follow-up assessment was conducted at fourth-wave survey from February 2019 to September 2021. Suicidal ideation at baseline and follow-up was assessed using the Suicidal
Ideation subscale of the 28-item General Health Questionnaire. Menopausal stage was classified based on self-report at fourth-wave survey.
Results
Participants who started the perimenopausal stage after baseline were significantly more likely to have suicidal ideation at follow-up than those who did not have experienced menopausal transition yet. Participants with greater social support were less likely to report suicidal ideation at follow-up, even after adjusting for baseline suicidal ideation.
Limitations
This study was based on self-report regarding menopausal stage and only included mothers of adolescents from Japan. An exact length of time from the onset to the presence of suicidal ideation was unavailable.
Conclusions
Women who have experienced the onset of menopausal transition presented an increased risk of suicidal ideation. Psychosocial interventions to increase social support may be beneficial in preventing mental health inequalities during menopausal transitions.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 529-534 |
| Number of pages | 6 |
| Journal | Journal of Affective Disorders |
| Volume | 340 |
| Early online date | 16 Aug 2023 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | E-pub ahead of print - 16 Aug 2023 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:This work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Transformative Research Areas (A) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan [grant numbers JP21H05171 , JP21H05173 , JP21H05174 ]; Tokyo Metropolitan Government [project number 4福保高在第1405号]; and Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science [project number 2508].
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Authors
UN SDGs
This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
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SDG 3 Good Health and Well-being
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SDG 10 Reduced Inequalities
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