Associations of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D2 and D3 with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Childhood: Cross-Sectional Findings from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children

Dylan M. Williams; Abigail Fraser; Adrian Sayers; William D. Fraser; Aroon Hingorani; John Deanfield; George Davey Smith; Naveed Sattar; Debbie A. Lawlor

doi:10.1210/jc.2011-2335

Associations of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D2 and D3 with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Childhood: Cross-Sectional Findings from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children

Dylan M. Williams^*, Abigail Fraser, Adrian Sayers, William D. Fraser, Aroon Hingorani, John Deanfield, George Davey Smith, Naveed Sattar, Debbie A. Lawlor

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article (Academic Journal) › peer-review

49 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Context:

Studies in adults have reported associations of low circulating total 25-hydroxyvitamin D with increased cardiovascular disease and risk factors. Evidence of associations in children, however, is limited, and it is unknown whether associations with risk factors differ for each 25-hydroxyvitamin D analog [25-hydroxyvitamin D2 (25[OH]D2) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 (25[OH]D3)].

Objective:

The objective of the study was to compare associations of 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 with cardiovascular risk factors in children.

Design/Setting:

The design of the study was a cross-sectional study of 4274 children (mean age 9.9 yr) from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.

Main Outcomes:

The main outcomes included blood pressure, lipids [triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)], apolipoproteins (Apo-A1 and Apo-B), adiponectin, leptin, C-reactive protein, and IL-6.

Results:

In confounder-adjusted models, 25(OH)D2 was inversely associated with Apo-A1 (change per doubling of exposure: −0.74mg/dl; 95% confidence interval −0.14, −0.04) and triglycerides (relative percentage change per doubling of exposure: −1.64%; −3.27, 0.01) and positively associated with C-reactive protein (8.42%; 3.40, 13.58) and IL-6 (5.75%; 1.83, 9.25). 25(OH)D3 was positively associated with HDL-C (0.04 mmol/liter; 0.02, 0.06), Apo-A1 (1.96 mg/dl; 0.65, 3.24), and adiponectin (0.47 μg/ml; 0.15, 0.79). There was statistical evidence that associations of 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 with HDL-C, Apo-A1, and IL-6 differed from each other (all P values for differences ≤0.02).

Conclusions:

Higher circulating 25(OH)D3 was associated with cardioprotective levels of HDL-C, Apo-A1, and adiponectin in children. Associations of 25(OH)D2 with cardiovascular risk factors were in mixed directions. It is necessary to see whether these associations are replicated in large prospective studies.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1563-1571
Number of pages	9
Journal	Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
Volume	97
Issue number	5
Early online date	16 Feb 2012
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2011-2335
Publication status	Published - 1 May 2012

Keywords

VITAMIN-D DEFICIENCY
BLOOD-PRESSURE
PARATHYROID-HORMONE
INSULIN-RESISTANCE
UNITED-STATES
DISEASE
ADULTHOOD
SUPPLEMENTATION
POPULATION
PREVALENCE

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1210/jc.2011-2335

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THE PUBLIC HEALTH IMPORTANCE OF VITAMIN D: DETERMINING CAUSAL EFFECTS OF INTRAUTERINE AND LIFETIME EXPOSURE TO VITAMIN D
Lawlor, D. A. (Principal Investigator)
1/10/08 → 1/12/13
Project: Research
MRC TRAINING FELLOWSHIP FOR A FRASER: OBSTETRIC, LIFESTYLE & GENETIC DETERMINANTS OF VASCULAR METABLIC TRAITS
Lawlor, D. A. (Principal Investigator)
1/09/08 → 1/09/14
Project: Research
CENTRE FOR CASUAL ANALYSES IN TRANSLATIONAL EPIDEMIOLOGY (CAiTE)
Davey Smith, G. (Principal Investigator)
1/09/07 → 1/09/13
Project: Research

Cite this

Williams, D. M., Fraser, A., Sayers, A., Fraser, W. D., Hingorani, A., Deanfield, J., Smith, G. D., Sattar, N., & Lawlor, D. A. (2012). Associations of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D2 and D3 with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Childhood: Cross-Sectional Findings from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 97(5), 1563-1571. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2011-2335

@article{35cd91d26b3b40c0a04915fd256991e7,

title = "Associations of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D2 and D3 with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Childhood: Cross-Sectional Findings from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children",

abstract = "Context:Studies in adults have reported associations of low circulating total 25-hydroxyvitamin D with increased cardiovascular disease and risk factors. Evidence of associations in children, however, is limited, and it is unknown whether associations with risk factors differ for each 25-hydroxyvitamin D analog [25-hydroxyvitamin D2 (25[OH]D2) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 (25[OH]D3)].Objective:The objective of the study was to compare associations of 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 with cardiovascular risk factors in children.Design/Setting:The design of the study was a cross-sectional study of 4274 children (mean age 9.9 yr) from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.Main Outcomes:The main outcomes included blood pressure, lipids [triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)], apolipoproteins (Apo-A1 and Apo-B), adiponectin, leptin, C-reactive protein, and IL-6.Results:In confounder-adjusted models, 25(OH)D2 was inversely associated with Apo-A1 (change per doubling of exposure: −0.74mg/dl; 95% confidence interval −0.14, −0.04) and triglycerides (relative percentage change per doubling of exposure: −1.64%; −3.27, 0.01) and positively associated with C-reactive protein (8.42%; 3.40, 13.58) and IL-6 (5.75%; 1.83, 9.25). 25(OH)D3 was positively associated with HDL-C (0.04 mmol/liter; 0.02, 0.06), Apo-A1 (1.96 mg/dl; 0.65, 3.24), and adiponectin (0.47 μg/ml; 0.15, 0.79). There was statistical evidence that associations of 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 with HDL-C, Apo-A1, and IL-6 differed from each other (all P values for differences ≤0.02).Conclusions:Higher circulating 25(OH)D3 was associated with cardioprotective levels of HDL-C, Apo-A1, and adiponectin in children. Associations of 25(OH)D2 with cardiovascular risk factors were in mixed directions. It is necessary to see whether these associations are replicated in large prospective studies.",

keywords = "VITAMIN-D DEFICIENCY, BLOOD-PRESSURE, PARATHYROID-HORMONE, INSULIN-RESISTANCE, UNITED-STATES, DISEASE, ADULTHOOD, SUPPLEMENTATION, POPULATION, PREVALENCE",

author = "Williams, {Dylan M.} and Abigail Fraser and Adrian Sayers and Fraser, {William D.} and Aroon Hingorani and John Deanfield and Smith, {George Davey} and Naveed Sattar and Lawlor, {Debbie A.}",

year = "2012",

month = may,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1210/jc.2011-2335",

language = "English",

volume = "97",

pages = "1563--1571",

journal = "Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism",

issn = "0021-972X",

publisher = "Oxford University Press",

number = "5",

}

Williams, DM, Fraser, A , Sayers, A, Fraser, WD, Hingorani, A, Deanfield, J, Smith, GD, Sattar, N & Lawlor, DA 2012, 'Associations of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D2 and D3 with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Childhood: Cross-Sectional Findings from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children', Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, vol. 97, no. 5, pp. 1563-1571. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2011-2335

Associations of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D2 and D3 with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Childhood: Cross-Sectional Findings from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. / Williams, Dylan M.; Fraser, Abigail ; Sayers, Adrian et al.
In: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vol. 97, No. 5, 01.05.2012, p. 1563-1571.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article (Academic Journal) › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Associations of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D2 and D3 with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Childhood

T2 - Cross-Sectional Findings from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children

AU - Williams, Dylan M.

AU - Fraser, Abigail

AU - Sayers, Adrian

AU - Fraser, William D.

AU - Hingorani, Aroon

AU - Deanfield, John

AU - Smith, George Davey

AU - Sattar, Naveed

AU - Lawlor, Debbie A.

PY - 2012/5/1

Y1 - 2012/5/1

N2 - Context:Studies in adults have reported associations of low circulating total 25-hydroxyvitamin D with increased cardiovascular disease and risk factors. Evidence of associations in children, however, is limited, and it is unknown whether associations with risk factors differ for each 25-hydroxyvitamin D analog [25-hydroxyvitamin D2 (25[OH]D2) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 (25[OH]D3)].Objective:The objective of the study was to compare associations of 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 with cardiovascular risk factors in children.Design/Setting:The design of the study was a cross-sectional study of 4274 children (mean age 9.9 yr) from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.Main Outcomes:The main outcomes included blood pressure, lipids [triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)], apolipoproteins (Apo-A1 and Apo-B), adiponectin, leptin, C-reactive protein, and IL-6.Results:In confounder-adjusted models, 25(OH)D2 was inversely associated with Apo-A1 (change per doubling of exposure: −0.74mg/dl; 95% confidence interval −0.14, −0.04) and triglycerides (relative percentage change per doubling of exposure: −1.64%; −3.27, 0.01) and positively associated with C-reactive protein (8.42%; 3.40, 13.58) and IL-6 (5.75%; 1.83, 9.25). 25(OH)D3 was positively associated with HDL-C (0.04 mmol/liter; 0.02, 0.06), Apo-A1 (1.96 mg/dl; 0.65, 3.24), and adiponectin (0.47 μg/ml; 0.15, 0.79). There was statistical evidence that associations of 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 with HDL-C, Apo-A1, and IL-6 differed from each other (all P values for differences ≤0.02).Conclusions:Higher circulating 25(OH)D3 was associated with cardioprotective levels of HDL-C, Apo-A1, and adiponectin in children. Associations of 25(OH)D2 with cardiovascular risk factors were in mixed directions. It is necessary to see whether these associations are replicated in large prospective studies.

AB - Context:Studies in adults have reported associations of low circulating total 25-hydroxyvitamin D with increased cardiovascular disease and risk factors. Evidence of associations in children, however, is limited, and it is unknown whether associations with risk factors differ for each 25-hydroxyvitamin D analog [25-hydroxyvitamin D2 (25[OH]D2) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 (25[OH]D3)].Objective:The objective of the study was to compare associations of 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 with cardiovascular risk factors in children.Design/Setting:The design of the study was a cross-sectional study of 4274 children (mean age 9.9 yr) from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.Main Outcomes:The main outcomes included blood pressure, lipids [triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)], apolipoproteins (Apo-A1 and Apo-B), adiponectin, leptin, C-reactive protein, and IL-6.Results:In confounder-adjusted models, 25(OH)D2 was inversely associated with Apo-A1 (change per doubling of exposure: −0.74mg/dl; 95% confidence interval −0.14, −0.04) and triglycerides (relative percentage change per doubling of exposure: −1.64%; −3.27, 0.01) and positively associated with C-reactive protein (8.42%; 3.40, 13.58) and IL-6 (5.75%; 1.83, 9.25). 25(OH)D3 was positively associated with HDL-C (0.04 mmol/liter; 0.02, 0.06), Apo-A1 (1.96 mg/dl; 0.65, 3.24), and adiponectin (0.47 μg/ml; 0.15, 0.79). There was statistical evidence that associations of 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 with HDL-C, Apo-A1, and IL-6 differed from each other (all P values for differences ≤0.02).Conclusions:Higher circulating 25(OH)D3 was associated with cardioprotective levels of HDL-C, Apo-A1, and adiponectin in children. Associations of 25(OH)D2 with cardiovascular risk factors were in mixed directions. It is necessary to see whether these associations are replicated in large prospective studies.

KW - VITAMIN-D DEFICIENCY

KW - BLOOD-PRESSURE

KW - PARATHYROID-HORMONE

KW - INSULIN-RESISTANCE

KW - UNITED-STATES

KW - DISEASE

KW - ADULTHOOD

KW - SUPPLEMENTATION

KW - POPULATION

KW - PREVALENCE

U2 - 10.1210/jc.2011-2335

DO - 10.1210/jc.2011-2335

M3 - Article (Academic Journal)

C2 - 22344194

SN - 0021-972X

VL - 97

SP - 1563

EP - 1571

JO - Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism

JF - Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism

IS - 5

ER -

Williams DM, Fraser A , Sayers A, Fraser WD, Hingorani A, Deanfield J et al. Associations of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D2 and D3 with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Childhood: Cross-Sectional Findings from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2012 May 1;97(5):1563-1571. Epub 2012 Feb 16. doi: 10.1210/jc.2011-2335

Associations of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D2 and D3 with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Childhood: Cross-Sectional Findings from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

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Projects

THE PUBLIC HEALTH IMPORTANCE OF VITAMIN D: DETERMINING CAUSAL EFFECTS OF INTRAUTERINE AND LIFETIME EXPOSURE TO VITAMIN D

MRC TRAINING FELLOWSHIP FOR A FRASER: OBSTETRIC, LIFESTYLE & GENETIC DETERMINANTS OF VASCULAR METABLIC TRAITS

CENTRE FOR CASUAL ANALYSES IN TRANSLATIONAL EPIDEMIOLOGY (CAiTE)

Cite this