TY - JOUR
T1 - Cardiorespiratory fitness and future risk of pneumonia
T2 - a long-term prospective cohort study
AU - Kunutsor, Setor K
AU - Laukkanen, Tanjaniina
AU - Laukkanen, Jari A
N1 - Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
PY - 2017/8/12
Y1 - 2017/8/12
N2 - PURPOSE: We aimed to assess the prospective association of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with the risk of pneumonia.METHODS: Cardiorespiratory fitness, as measured by maximal oxygen uptake, was assessed using a respiratory gas exchange analyzer in 2244 middle-aged men in the Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease cohort. We corrected for within-person variability in CRF levels using data from repeat measurements taken several years apart.RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 25.8 years, 369 men received a hospital diagnosis of pneumonia. The age-adjusted regression dilution ratio of CRF was 0.58 (95% confidence interval: 0.53-0.63). Cardiorespiratory fitness was linearly associated with pneumonia risk. The hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for pneumonia per 1 standard deviation increase in CRF in analysis adjusted for several risk factors for pneumonia was 0.77 (0.68-0.87). The association remained consistent on additional adjustment for total energy intake, socioeconomic status, physical activity, and C-reactive protein 0.82 (0.72-0.94). The corresponding adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 0.58 (0.41-0.80) and 0.67 (0.48-0.95) respectively, when comparing the extreme quartiles of CRF levels.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate a graded inverse and independent association between CRF and the future risk of pneumonia in a general male population.
AB - PURPOSE: We aimed to assess the prospective association of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with the risk of pneumonia.METHODS: Cardiorespiratory fitness, as measured by maximal oxygen uptake, was assessed using a respiratory gas exchange analyzer in 2244 middle-aged men in the Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease cohort. We corrected for within-person variability in CRF levels using data from repeat measurements taken several years apart.RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 25.8 years, 369 men received a hospital diagnosis of pneumonia. The age-adjusted regression dilution ratio of CRF was 0.58 (95% confidence interval: 0.53-0.63). Cardiorespiratory fitness was linearly associated with pneumonia risk. The hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for pneumonia per 1 standard deviation increase in CRF in analysis adjusted for several risk factors for pneumonia was 0.77 (0.68-0.87). The association remained consistent on additional adjustment for total energy intake, socioeconomic status, physical activity, and C-reactive protein 0.82 (0.72-0.94). The corresponding adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 0.58 (0.41-0.80) and 0.67 (0.48-0.95) respectively, when comparing the extreme quartiles of CRF levels.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate a graded inverse and independent association between CRF and the future risk of pneumonia in a general male population.
KW - Journal Article
KW - CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS
KW - MAXIMAL OXYGEN UPTAKE
KW - PNEUMONIA
U2 - 10.1016/j.annepidem.2017.08.011
DO - 10.1016/j.annepidem.2017.08.011
M3 - Article (Academic Journal)
C2 - 28843448
SN - 1047-2797
JO - Annals of Epidemiology
JF - Annals of Epidemiology
ER -