TY - JOUR
T1 - Circadian and Ultradian Glucocorticoid Rhythmicity
T2 - Implications for the Effects of Glucocorticoids on Neural Stem Cells and Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis
AU - Fitzsimons, Carlos P.
AU - Herbert, Joe
AU - Schouten, Marijn
AU - Meijer, Onno C.
AU - Lucassen, Paul J.
AU - Lightman, Stafford
PY - 2016
Y1 - 2016
N2 - Abstract Psychosocial stress, and within the neuroendocrine reaction to stress specifically the glucocorticoid hormones, are well-characterized inhibitors of neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation in the adult hippocampus, resulting in a marked reduction in the production of new neurons in this brain area relevant for learning and memory. However, the mechanisms by which stress, and particularly glucocorticoids, inhibit neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation remain unclear and under debate. Here we review the literature on the topic and discuss the evidence for direct and indirect effects of glucocorticoids on neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation and adult neurogenesis. Further, we discuss the hypothesis that glucocorticoid rhythmicity and oscillations originating from the activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, may be crucial for the regulation of neural stem/progenitor cells in the hippocampus, as well as the implications of this hypothesis for pathophysiological conditions in which glucocorticoid oscillations are affected.
AB - Abstract Psychosocial stress, and within the neuroendocrine reaction to stress specifically the glucocorticoid hormones, are well-characterized inhibitors of neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation in the adult hippocampus, resulting in a marked reduction in the production of new neurons in this brain area relevant for learning and memory. However, the mechanisms by which stress, and particularly glucocorticoids, inhibit neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation remain unclear and under debate. Here we review the literature on the topic and discuss the evidence for direct and indirect effects of glucocorticoids on neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation and adult neurogenesis. Further, we discuss the hypothesis that glucocorticoid rhythmicity and oscillations originating from the activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, may be crucial for the regulation of neural stem/progenitor cells in the hippocampus, as well as the implications of this hypothesis for pathophysiological conditions in which glucocorticoid oscillations are affected.
KW - Adult hippocampal neurogenesis
KW - Stress
KW - Glucocorticoid oscillations
KW - Neural stem cells
KW - Ultradian
U2 - 10.1016/j.yfrne.2016.05.001
DO - 10.1016/j.yfrne.2016.05.001
M3 - Special issue (Academic Journal)
C2 - 27234350
SN - 0091-3022
VL - 41
SP - 44
EP - 58
JO - Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology
JF - Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology
ER -