Combined ground and aerial measurements resolve vent-specific gas fluxes from a multi-vent volcano

T. D. Pering; E. J. Liu; K. Wood; T. C. Wilkes; A. Aiuppa; G. Tamburello; M. Bitetto; T. Richardson; A. J.S. McGonigle

doi:10.1038/s41467-020-16862-w

Combined ground and aerial measurements resolve vent-specific gas fluxes from a multi-vent volcano

T. D. Pering^*, E. J. Liu, K. Wood, T. C. Wilkes, A. Aiuppa, G. Tamburello, M. Bitetto, T. Richardson, A. J.S. McGonigle

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article (Academic Journal) › peer-review

28 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Volcanoes with multiple summit vents present a methodological challenge for determining vent-specific gas emissions. Here, using a novel approach combining multiple ultraviolet cameras with synchronous aerial measurements, we calculate vent-specific gas compositions and fluxes for Stromboli volcano. Emissions from vent areas are spatially heterogeneous in composition and emission rate, with the central vent area dominating passive emissions, despite exhibiting the least explosive behaviour. Vents exhibiting Strombolian explosions emit low to negligible passive fluxes and are CO₂-dominated, even during passive degassing. We propose a model for the conduit system based on contrasting rheological properties between vent areas. Our methodology has advantages for resolving contrasting outgassing dynamics given that measured bulk plume compositions are often intermediate between those of the distinct vent areas. We therefore emphasise the need for a vent-specific approach at multi-vent volcanoes and suggest that our approach could provide a transformative advance in volcano monitoring applications.

Original language	English
Article number	3039
Journal	Nature Communications
Volume	11
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-16862-w
Publication status	Published - 1 Dec 2020

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
T.D.P. gratefully acknowledges the support of the Royal Society (RG170226). E.J.L. was supported by a Leverhulme Early Career Fellowship. T.R. and K.W. were supported by EPSRC through the CASCADE Programme Grant (EP/R009953/1). This research was enabled through the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation’s support of the Deep Carbon Observatory Deep Earth Carbon Degassing program (DECADE). A.A. acknowledges funding from the Deep Carbon Observatory, from Muir (Grant N. 2017LMNLAW), and from the Italian Civil Protection (DCP) through sub-contract with Università di Firenze (n. 2089/ 2019). AMcG acknowledges support from the Rolex Institute.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2020, The Author(s).

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Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

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abstract = "Volcanoes with multiple summit vents present a methodological challenge for determining vent-specific gas emissions. Here, using a novel approach combining multiple ultraviolet cameras with synchronous aerial measurements, we calculate vent-specific gas compositions and fluxes for Stromboli volcano. Emissions from vent areas are spatially heterogeneous in composition and emission rate, with the central vent area dominating passive emissions, despite exhibiting the least explosive behaviour. Vents exhibiting Strombolian explosions emit low to negligible passive fluxes and are CO2-dominated, even during passive degassing. We propose a model for the conduit system based on contrasting rheological properties between vent areas. Our methodology has advantages for resolving contrasting outgassing dynamics given that measured bulk plume compositions are often intermediate between those of the distinct vent areas. We therefore emphasise the need for a vent-specific approach at multi-vent volcanoes and suggest that our approach could provide a transformative advance in volcano monitoring applications.",

author = "Pering, {T. D.} and Liu, {E. J.} and K. Wood and Wilkes, {T. C.} and A. Aiuppa and G. Tamburello and M. Bitetto and T. Richardson and McGonigle, {A. J.S.}",

note = "Funding Information: T.D.P. gratefully acknowledges the support of the Royal Society (RG170226). E.J.L. was supported by a Leverhulme Early Career Fellowship. T.R. and K.W. were supported by EPSRC through the CASCADE Programme Grant (EP/R009953/1). This research was enabled through the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation{\textquoteright}s support of the Deep Carbon Observatory Deep Earth Carbon Degassing program (DECADE). A.A. acknowledges funding from the Deep Carbon Observatory, from Muir (Grant N. 2017LMNLAW), and from the Italian Civil Protection (DCP) through sub-contract with Universit{\`a} di Firenze (n. 2089/ 2019). AMcG acknowledges support from the Rolex Institute. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020, The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",

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AU - Liu, E. J.

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AU - Tamburello, G.

AU - Bitetto, M.

AU - Richardson, T.

AU - McGonigle, A. J.S.

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N2 - Volcanoes with multiple summit vents present a methodological challenge for determining vent-specific gas emissions. Here, using a novel approach combining multiple ultraviolet cameras with synchronous aerial measurements, we calculate vent-specific gas compositions and fluxes for Stromboli volcano. Emissions from vent areas are spatially heterogeneous in composition and emission rate, with the central vent area dominating passive emissions, despite exhibiting the least explosive behaviour. Vents exhibiting Strombolian explosions emit low to negligible passive fluxes and are CO2-dominated, even during passive degassing. We propose a model for the conduit system based on contrasting rheological properties between vent areas. Our methodology has advantages for resolving contrasting outgassing dynamics given that measured bulk plume compositions are often intermediate between those of the distinct vent areas. We therefore emphasise the need for a vent-specific approach at multi-vent volcanoes and suggest that our approach could provide a transformative advance in volcano monitoring applications.

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Combined ground and aerial measurements resolve vent-specific gas fluxes from a multi-vent volcano

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