Comparison and assessment of methods for cellulose crystallinity determination

Khandoker Samaher Salem; Nitesh Kumar Kasera; Md. Ashiqur Rahman; Hasan Jameel; Youssef Habibi; Stephen J. Eichhorn; Alfred D. French; Lokendra Pal; Lucian A. Lucia

doi:10.1039/D2CS00569G

Comparison and assessment of methods for cellulose crystallinity determination

Khandoker Samaher Salem^*, Nitesh Kumar Kasera, Md. Ashiqur Rahman, Hasan Jameel, Youssef Habibi, Stephen J. Eichhorn, Alfred D. French, Lokendra Pal, Lucian A. Lucia^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article (Academic Journal) › peer-review

164 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The degree of crystallinity in cellulose significantly affects the physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of cellulosic materials, their processing, and their final application. Measuring the crystalline structures of cellulose is a challenging task due to inadequate consistency among the variety of analytical techniques available and the lack of absolute crystalline and amorphous standards. Our article reviews the primary methods for estimating the crystallinity of cellulose, namely, X-ray diffraction (XRD), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Raman and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, sum-frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy (SFG), as well as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and evolving biochemical methods using cellulose binding molecules (CBMs). The techniques are compared to better interrogate not only the requirements of each method, but also their differences, synergies, and limitations. The article highlights fundamental principles to guide the general community to initiate studies of the crystallinity of cellulosic materials.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	6417-6446
Number of pages	30
Journal	Chemical Society Reviews
Volume	52
Issue number	18
Early online date	17 Aug 2023
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1039/D2CS00569G
Publication status	E-pub ahead of print - 17 Aug 2023

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This work is in part supported by McIntire-Stennis grant number NI21MSCFRXXXG054 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. The work of Dr. Lokendra Pal is in part supported by E. J. “Woody” Rice Professorship Endowment. The authors also acknowledge the funding support from Ministry of Science and Technology (Project ID: SRG-222388), Bangladesh and University Grants Commision's research grant (2022-2023) for the faculty of University of Dhaka while carrying out the work of Dr. Salem partially in the Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Dhaka. We also wish to acknowledge Dr. Peter W. Hart of WestRock for his generous financial support for the current review. The authors gratefully thank Mrittika Debnath for her support during the writing of this manuscript.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

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title = "Comparison and assessment of methods for cellulose crystallinity determination",

abstract = "The degree of crystallinity in cellulose significantly affects the physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of cellulosic materials, their processing, and their final application. Measuring the crystalline structures of cellulose is a challenging task due to inadequate consistency among the variety of analytical techniques available and the lack of absolute crystalline and amorphous standards. Our article reviews the primary methods for estimating the crystallinity of cellulose, namely, X-ray diffraction (XRD), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Raman and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, sum-frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy (SFG), as well as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and evolving biochemical methods using cellulose binding molecules (CBMs). The techniques are compared to better interrogate not only the requirements of each method, but also their differences, synergies, and limitations. The article highlights fundamental principles to guide the general community to initiate studies of the crystallinity of cellulosic materials.",

author = "Salem, {Khandoker Samaher} and Kasera, {Nitesh Kumar} and Rahman, {Md. Ashiqur} and Hasan Jameel and Youssef Habibi and Eichhorn, {Stephen J.} and French, {Alfred D.} and Lokendra Pal and Lucia, {Lucian A.}",

note = "Funding Information: This work is in part supported by McIntire-Stennis grant number NI21MSCFRXXXG054 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. The work of Dr. Lokendra Pal is in part supported by E. J. “Woody” Rice Professorship Endowment. The authors also acknowledge the funding support from Ministry of Science and Technology (Project ID: SRG-222388), Bangladesh and University Grants Commision's research grant (2022-2023) for the faculty of University of Dhaka while carrying out the work of Dr. Salem partially in the Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Dhaka. We also wish to acknowledge Dr. Peter W. Hart of WestRock for his generous financial support for the current review. The authors gratefully thank Mrittika Debnath for her support during the writing of this manuscript. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 The Royal Society of Chemistry.",

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AU - Salem, Khandoker Samaher

AU - Kasera, Nitesh Kumar

AU - Rahman, Md. Ashiqur

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AU - Habibi, Youssef

AU - Eichhorn, Stephen J.

AU - French, Alfred D.

AU - Pal, Lokendra

AU - Lucia, Lucian A.

N1 - Funding Information: This work is in part supported by McIntire-Stennis grant number NI21MSCFRXXXG054 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. The work of Dr. Lokendra Pal is in part supported by E. J. “Woody” Rice Professorship Endowment. The authors also acknowledge the funding support from Ministry of Science and Technology (Project ID: SRG-222388), Bangladesh and University Grants Commision's research grant (2022-2023) for the faculty of University of Dhaka while carrying out the work of Dr. Salem partially in the Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Dhaka. We also wish to acknowledge Dr. Peter W. Hart of WestRock for his generous financial support for the current review. The authors gratefully thank Mrittika Debnath for her support during the writing of this manuscript. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

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Y1 - 2023/8/17

N2 - The degree of crystallinity in cellulose significantly affects the physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of cellulosic materials, their processing, and their final application. Measuring the crystalline structures of cellulose is a challenging task due to inadequate consistency among the variety of analytical techniques available and the lack of absolute crystalline and amorphous standards. Our article reviews the primary methods for estimating the crystallinity of cellulose, namely, X-ray diffraction (XRD), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Raman and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, sum-frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy (SFG), as well as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and evolving biochemical methods using cellulose binding molecules (CBMs). The techniques are compared to better interrogate not only the requirements of each method, but also their differences, synergies, and limitations. The article highlights fundamental principles to guide the general community to initiate studies of the crystallinity of cellulosic materials.

AB - The degree of crystallinity in cellulose significantly affects the physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of cellulosic materials, their processing, and their final application. Measuring the crystalline structures of cellulose is a challenging task due to inadequate consistency among the variety of analytical techniques available and the lack of absolute crystalline and amorphous standards. Our article reviews the primary methods for estimating the crystallinity of cellulose, namely, X-ray diffraction (XRD), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Raman and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, sum-frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy (SFG), as well as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and evolving biochemical methods using cellulose binding molecules (CBMs). The techniques are compared to better interrogate not only the requirements of each method, but also their differences, synergies, and limitations. The article highlights fundamental principles to guide the general community to initiate studies of the crystallinity of cellulosic materials.

U2 - 10.1039/D2CS00569G

DO - 10.1039/D2CS00569G

M3 - Article (Academic Journal)

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VL - 52

SP - 6417

EP - 6446

JO - Chemical Society Reviews

JF - Chemical Society Reviews

IS - 18

ER -

Comparison and assessment of methods for cellulose crystallinity determination

Abstract

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