Constraining cold accretion onto supermassive black holes: molecular gas in the cores of eight brightest cluster galaxies revealed by joint CO and CN absorption

Tom Rose, A. C. Edge, F. Combes, M. Gaspari, S. Hamer, N. Nesvadba, A. B. Peck, C. Sarazin, G. R. Tremblay, S. A. Baum, M. N. Bremer, B. R. McNamara, C. O'Dea, J. B. R. Oonk, H. Russell, P. Salomé, M. Donahue, A. C. Fabian, G. Ferland, R. MittalA. Vantyghem

Research output: Contribution to journalArticle (Academic Journal)peer-review

55 Citations (Scopus)
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Abstract

To advance our understanding of the fuelling and feedback processes which power the Universe's most massive black holes, we require a significant increase in our knowledge of the molecular gas which exists in their immediate surroundings. However, the behaviour of this gas is poorly understood due to the difficulties associated with observing it directly. We report on a survey of 18 brightest cluster galaxies lying in cool cores, from which we detect molecular gas in the core regions of eight via carbon monoxide (CO), cyanide (CN) and silicon monoxide (SiO) absorption lines. These absorption lines are produced by cold molecular gas clouds which lie along the line of sight to the bright continuum sources at the galaxy centres. As such, they can be used to determine many properties of the molecular gas which may go on to fuel supermassive black hole accretion and AGN feedback mechanisms. The absorption regions detected have velocities ranging from -45 to 283 km s-1 relative to the systemic velocity of the galaxy, and have a bias for motion towards the host supermassive black hole. We find that the CN N = 0 - 1 absorption lines are typically 10 times stronger than those of CO J = 0 - 1. This is due to the higher electric dipole moment of the CN molecule, which enhances its absorption strength. In terms of molecular number density CO remains the more prevalent molecule with a ratio of CO/CN ˜10, similar to that of nearby galaxies. Comparison of CO, CN and H I observations for these systems shows many different combinations of these absorption lines being detected.
Original languageEnglish
Article numberstz2138
Pages (from-to)349-365
Number of pages17
JournalMonthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Advance Access
Volume489
Issue number1
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2 Aug 2019

Keywords

  • galaxies: active
  • galaxies: ISM
  • galaxies: clusters: general
  • radio continuum: galaxies
  • radio lines: ISM

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