Covertness Performance Analysis of STAR-RIS Assisted HARQ-RSMA Networks

Junyao Zhang; Xingwang Li; Xianfu Lei; Shuping Dang; Kapal Dev; Dawei Qiao; Arumugam Nallanathan

doi:10.1109/TVT.2025.3628134

Covertness Performance Analysis of STAR-RIS Assisted HARQ-RSMA Networks

Junyao Zhang, Xingwang Li^*, Xianfu Lei^*, Shuping Dang, Kapal Dev, Dawei Qiao, Arumugam Nallanathan

^*Corresponding author for this work

School of Electrical, Electronic and Mechanical Engineering

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Abstract

In this work, we investigate a simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR-RIS) assisted hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ)-rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA) network with an external detector Willie. The communication reliability and covertness are investigated by determining the connection outage probability (COP) of RSMA users and the detection error probability (DEP) of Willie. We also investigate the average number of transmission and the asymptotic expression of COPs. Meanwhile, we validate the accuracy of the analytical expression through simulation results, and the results show that: 1) As maximum transmission power ( P_B,max) increases, COPs decrease monotonically, while DEP decreases initially and then increases; 2) Increasing P_B,max, the number of STAR-RIS elements, and maximum number of transmissions (I) will all enhance the reliability performance; 3) At P_B,max=25 dB and I=5, the COP of STAR-RIS assisted HARQ-RSMA network decreases by 55.09% compared to STAR-RIS-RSMA and 63.17% compared to HARQ-RSMA network.

Original language	English
Number of pages	6
Journal	IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology
Early online date	3 Nov 2025
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2025.3628134
Publication status	E-pub ahead of print - 3 Nov 2025

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© 2025 IEEE.

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@article{ef0a0a4dde3943d8bba9f7a2923a6ee4,

title = "Covertness Performance Analysis of STAR-RIS Assisted HARQ-RSMA Networks",

abstract = "In this work, we investigate a simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR-RIS) assisted hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ)-rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA) network with an external detector Willie. The communication reliability and covertness are investigated by determining the connection outage probability (COP) of RSMA users and the detection error probability (DEP) of Willie. We also investigate the average number of transmission and the asymptotic expression of COPs. Meanwhile, we validate the accuracy of the analytical expression through simulation results, and the results show that: 1) As maximum transmission power ( PB,max) increases, COPs decrease monotonically, while DEP decreases initially and then increases; 2) Increasing PB,max, the number of STAR-RIS elements, and maximum number of transmissions (I) will all enhance the reliability performance; 3) At PB,max=25 dB and I=5, the COP of STAR-RIS assisted HARQ-RSMA network decreases by 55.09\% compared to STAR-RIS-RSMA and 63.17\% compared to HARQ-RSMA network.",

author = "Junyao Zhang and Xingwang Li and Xianfu Lei and Shuping Dang and Kapal Dev and Dawei Qiao and Arumugam Nallanathan",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025 IEEE.",

year = "2025",

month = nov,

day = "3",

doi = "10.1109/TVT.2025.3628134",

language = "English",

journal = "IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology",

issn = "0018-9545",

publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Covertness Performance Analysis of STAR-RIS Assisted HARQ-RSMA Networks

AU - Zhang, Junyao

AU - Li, Xingwang

AU - Lei, Xianfu

AU - Dang, Shuping

AU - Dev, Kapal

AU - Qiao, Dawei

AU - Nallanathan, Arumugam

PY - 2025/11/3

Y1 - 2025/11/3

N2 - In this work, we investigate a simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR-RIS) assisted hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ)-rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA) network with an external detector Willie. The communication reliability and covertness are investigated by determining the connection outage probability (COP) of RSMA users and the detection error probability (DEP) of Willie. We also investigate the average number of transmission and the asymptotic expression of COPs. Meanwhile, we validate the accuracy of the analytical expression through simulation results, and the results show that: 1) As maximum transmission power ( PB,max) increases, COPs decrease monotonically, while DEP decreases initially and then increases; 2) Increasing PB,max, the number of STAR-RIS elements, and maximum number of transmissions (I) will all enhance the reliability performance; 3) At PB,max=25 dB and I=5, the COP of STAR-RIS assisted HARQ-RSMA network decreases by 55.09% compared to STAR-RIS-RSMA and 63.17% compared to HARQ-RSMA network.

AB - In this work, we investigate a simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR-RIS) assisted hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ)-rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA) network with an external detector Willie. The communication reliability and covertness are investigated by determining the connection outage probability (COP) of RSMA users and the detection error probability (DEP) of Willie. We also investigate the average number of transmission and the asymptotic expression of COPs. Meanwhile, we validate the accuracy of the analytical expression through simulation results, and the results show that: 1) As maximum transmission power ( PB,max) increases, COPs decrease monotonically, while DEP decreases initially and then increases; 2) Increasing PB,max, the number of STAR-RIS elements, and maximum number of transmissions (I) will all enhance the reliability performance; 3) At PB,max=25 dB and I=5, the COP of STAR-RIS assisted HARQ-RSMA network decreases by 55.09% compared to STAR-RIS-RSMA and 63.17% compared to HARQ-RSMA network.

U2 - 10.1109/TVT.2025.3628134

DO - 10.1109/TVT.2025.3628134

M3 - Article (Academic Journal)

SN - 0018-9545

JO - IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology

JF - IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology

ER -

Covertness Performance Analysis of STAR-RIS Assisted HARQ-RSMA Networks

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