Degradation and Operation-Aware Framework for the Optimal Siting, Sizing, and Technology Selection of Battery Storage

Timur Sayfutdinov*, Charalampos Patsios, Petr Vorobev, Elena Gryazina, David M. Greenwood, Janusz W. Bialek, Philip C. Taylor

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticle (Academic Journal)peer-review

28 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

This paper addresses the problem of optimal siting, sizing, and technology selection of Energy Storage System (ESS) considering degradation arising from state of charge and Depth of Discharge (DoD). The capacity lost irreversibly due to degradation provides the optimizer with a more accurate and realistic view of the capacity available throughout the asset's entire lifetime as it depends on the actual operating profiles and particular degradation mechanisms. When taking into account the ESS's degradation, the optimization problem becomes nonconvex, therefore no standard solver can guarantee the globally optimal solution. To overcome this, the optimization problem has been reformulated to a Mixed Integer Convex Programming (MICP) problem by substituting continuous variables that cause nonconvexity with discrete ones. The resulting MICP problem has been solved using the Branch-And-Bound algorithm along with convex programming, which performs an efficient search and guarantees the globally optimal solution. We found that the optimal battery use does not necessarily correspond to it reaching its End of Life state at the end of the service lifetime, which is the result of nonlinear degradation mechanicms from both idling and cycling. Finally, the proposed methodology allows formulating computationally tractable stochastic optimization problem to account for future network scenarios.

Original languageEnglish
Article number8889420
Pages (from-to)2130-2140
Number of pages11
JournalIEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy
Volume11
Issue number4
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Oct 2020

Keywords

  • Battery degradation
  • convex optimization
  • energy storage

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