Dendritic crystallization in hydrous basaltic magmas controls magma mobility within the Earth’s crust

Fabio Arzilli; Margherita Polacci; Giuseppe La Spina; N. Le Gall; Ed Llewellin; Richard A Brooker; Rafael Torres-Orozco; Danilo Di Genova; David A. Neave; Margaret Hartley; Heidy M Mader; Daniele Giordano; Robert Atwood; Peter D Lee; Florian Heidelbach; Mike R Burton

doi:10.1038/s41467-022-30890-8

Dendritic crystallization in hydrous basaltic magmas controls magma mobility within the Earth’s crust

Fabio Arzilli^*, Margherita Polacci, Giuseppe La Spina, N. Le Gall, Ed Llewellin, Richard A Brooker, Rafael Torres-Orozco, Danilo Di Genova, David A. Neave, Margaret Hartley, Heidy M Mader, Daniele Giordano, Robert Atwood, Peter D Lee, Florian Heidelbach, Mike R Burton

^*Corresponding author for this work

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Abstract

The majority of basaltic magmas stall in the Earth’s crust as a result of the rheological evolution caused by crystallization during transport. However, the relationships between crystallinity, rheology and eruptibility remain uncertain because it is difficult to observe dynamic magma crystallization in real time. Here, we present in-situ 4D data for crystal growth kinetics and the textural evolution of pyroxene during crystallization of trachybasaltic magmas in high-temperature experiments under water-saturated conditions at crustal pressures. We observe dendritic growth of pyroxene on initially euhedral cores, and a surprisingly rapid increase in crystal fraction and aspect ratio at undercooling ≥30 °C. Rapid dendritic crystallization favours a rheological transition from Newtonian to non-Newtonian behaviour within minutes. We use a numerical model to quantify the impact of rapid dendritic crystallization on basaltic dike propagation, and demonstrate its dramatic effect on magma mobility and eruptibility. Our results provide insights into the processes that control whether intrusions lead to eruption or not.

Original language	English
Article number	3354
Number of pages	14
Journal	Nature Communications
Volume	13
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-30890-8
Publication status	Published - 10 Jun 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The research leading to these results has received funding from the RCUK NERC DisEqm project (NE/N018575/1) and (NE/M013561/1) (Principal Investigator of DisEqm project is Mike R. Burton). Peter D. Lee acknowledges support from the Royal Academy of Engineering his Chair in Emerging Technologies (CiET1819/10). The beamtime on I12 was provided by Diamond Light Source (EE16188-1) and laboratory space by the Research Complex at Harwell. David A. Neave acknowledges support from NERC (NE/T011106/1). Danilo Di Genova acknowledges funding by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) projects DI 2751/2-1.

Funding Information:
The research leading to these results has received funding from the RCUK NERC DisEqm project (NE/N018575/1) and (NE/M013561/1) (Principal Investigator of DisEqm project is Mike R. Burton). Peter D. Lee acknowledges support from the Royal Academy of Engineering his Chair in Emerging Technologies (CiET1819/10). The beamtime on I12 was provided by Diamond Light Source (EE16188-1) and laboratory space by the Research Complex at Harwell. David A. Neave acknowledges support from NERC (NE/T011106/1). Danilo Di Genova acknowledges funding by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) projects DI 2751/2-1.

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© 2022, The Author(s).

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Arzilli, F., Polacci, M., La Spina, G., Le Gall, N., Llewellin, E., Brooker, R. A., Torres-Orozco, R., Di Genova, D., Neave, D. A., Hartley, M., Mader, H. M., Giordano, D., Atwood, R., Lee, P. D., Heidelbach, F., & Burton, M. R. (2022). Dendritic crystallization in hydrous basaltic magmas controls magma mobility within the Earth’s crust. Nature Communications, 13(1), Article 3354. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-30890-8

@article{4f180103a6594c6da4906724d94e3b45,

title = "Dendritic crystallization in hydrous basaltic magmas controls magma mobility within the Earth{\textquoteright}s crust",

abstract = "The majority of basaltic magmas stall in the Earth{\textquoteright}s crust as a result of the rheological evolution caused by crystallization during transport. However, the relationships between crystallinity, rheology and eruptibility remain uncertain because it is difficult to observe dynamic magma crystallization in real time. Here, we present in-situ 4D data for crystal growth kinetics and the textural evolution of pyroxene during crystallization of trachybasaltic magmas in high-temperature experiments under water-saturated conditions at crustal pressures. We observe dendritic growth of pyroxene on initially euhedral cores, and a surprisingly rapid increase in crystal fraction and aspect ratio at undercooling ≥30 °C. Rapid dendritic crystallization favours a rheological transition from Newtonian to non-Newtonian behaviour within minutes. We use a numerical model to quantify the impact of rapid dendritic crystallization on basaltic dike propagation, and demonstrate its dramatic effect on magma mobility and eruptibility. Our results provide insights into the processes that control whether intrusions lead to eruption or not.",

author = "Fabio Arzilli and Margherita Polacci and \{La Spina\}, Giuseppe and \{Le Gall\}, N. and Ed Llewellin and Brooker, \{Richard A\} and Rafael Torres-Orozco and \{Di Genova\}, Danilo and Neave, \{David A.\} and Margaret Hartley and Mader, \{Heidy M\} and Daniele Giordano and Robert Atwood and Lee, \{Peter D\} and Florian Heidelbach and Burton, \{Mike R\}",

note = "Funding Information: The research leading to these results has received funding from the RCUK NERC DisEqm project (NE/N018575/1) and (NE/M013561/1) (Principal Investigator of DisEqm project is Mike R. Burton). Peter D. Lee acknowledges support from the Royal Academy of Engineering his Chair in Emerging Technologies (CiET1819/10). The beamtime on I12 was provided by Diamond Light Source (EE16188-1) and laboratory space by the Research Complex at Harwell. David A. Neave acknowledges support from NERC (NE/T011106/1). Danilo Di Genova acknowledges funding by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) projects DI 2751/2-1. Funding Information: The research leading to these results has received funding from the RCUK NERC DisEqm project (NE/N018575/1) and (NE/M013561/1) (Principal Investigator of DisEqm project is Mike R. Burton). Peter D. Lee acknowledges support from the Royal Academy of Engineering his Chair in Emerging Technologies (CiET1819/10). The beamtime on I12 was provided by Diamond Light Source (EE16188-1) and laboratory space by the Research Complex at Harwell. David A. Neave acknowledges support from NERC (NE/T011106/1). Danilo Di Genova acknowledges funding by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) projects DI 2751/2-1. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022, The Author(s).",

year = "2022",

month = jun,

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doi = "10.1038/s41467-022-30890-8",

language = "English",

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Arzilli, F, Polacci, M, La Spina, G, Le Gall, N, Llewellin, E, Brooker, RA, Torres-Orozco, R, Di Genova, D, Neave, DA, Hartley, M, Mader, HM, Giordano, D, Atwood, R, Lee, PD, Heidelbach, F & Burton, MR 2022, 'Dendritic crystallization in hydrous basaltic magmas controls magma mobility within the Earth’s crust', Nature Communications, vol. 13, no. 1, 3354. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-30890-8

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T1 - Dendritic crystallization in hydrous basaltic magmas controls magma mobility within the Earth’s crust

AU - Arzilli, Fabio

AU - Polacci, Margherita

AU - La Spina, Giuseppe

AU - Le Gall, N.

AU - Llewellin, Ed

AU - Brooker, Richard A

AU - Torres-Orozco, Rafael

AU - Di Genova, Danilo

AU - Neave, David A.

AU - Hartley, Margaret

AU - Mader, Heidy M

AU - Giordano, Daniele

AU - Atwood, Robert

AU - Lee, Peter D

AU - Heidelbach, Florian

AU - Burton, Mike R

N1 - Funding Information: The research leading to these results has received funding from the RCUK NERC DisEqm project (NE/N018575/1) and (NE/M013561/1) (Principal Investigator of DisEqm project is Mike R. Burton). Peter D. Lee acknowledges support from the Royal Academy of Engineering his Chair in Emerging Technologies (CiET1819/10). The beamtime on I12 was provided by Diamond Light Source (EE16188-1) and laboratory space by the Research Complex at Harwell. David A. Neave acknowledges support from NERC (NE/T011106/1). Danilo Di Genova acknowledges funding by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) projects DI 2751/2-1. Funding Information: The research leading to these results has received funding from the RCUK NERC DisEqm project (NE/N018575/1) and (NE/M013561/1) (Principal Investigator of DisEqm project is Mike R. Burton). Peter D. Lee acknowledges support from the Royal Academy of Engineering his Chair in Emerging Technologies (CiET1819/10). The beamtime on I12 was provided by Diamond Light Source (EE16188-1) and laboratory space by the Research Complex at Harwell. David A. Neave acknowledges support from NERC (NE/T011106/1). Danilo Di Genova acknowledges funding by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) projects DI 2751/2-1. Publisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s).

PY - 2022/6/10

Y1 - 2022/6/10

N2 - The majority of basaltic magmas stall in the Earth’s crust as a result of the rheological evolution caused by crystallization during transport. However, the relationships between crystallinity, rheology and eruptibility remain uncertain because it is difficult to observe dynamic magma crystallization in real time. Here, we present in-situ 4D data for crystal growth kinetics and the textural evolution of pyroxene during crystallization of trachybasaltic magmas in high-temperature experiments under water-saturated conditions at crustal pressures. We observe dendritic growth of pyroxene on initially euhedral cores, and a surprisingly rapid increase in crystal fraction and aspect ratio at undercooling ≥30 °C. Rapid dendritic crystallization favours a rheological transition from Newtonian to non-Newtonian behaviour within minutes. We use a numerical model to quantify the impact of rapid dendritic crystallization on basaltic dike propagation, and demonstrate its dramatic effect on magma mobility and eruptibility. Our results provide insights into the processes that control whether intrusions lead to eruption or not.

AB - The majority of basaltic magmas stall in the Earth’s crust as a result of the rheological evolution caused by crystallization during transport. However, the relationships between crystallinity, rheology and eruptibility remain uncertain because it is difficult to observe dynamic magma crystallization in real time. Here, we present in-situ 4D data for crystal growth kinetics and the textural evolution of pyroxene during crystallization of trachybasaltic magmas in high-temperature experiments under water-saturated conditions at crustal pressures. We observe dendritic growth of pyroxene on initially euhedral cores, and a surprisingly rapid increase in crystal fraction and aspect ratio at undercooling ≥30 °C. Rapid dendritic crystallization favours a rheological transition from Newtonian to non-Newtonian behaviour within minutes. We use a numerical model to quantify the impact of rapid dendritic crystallization on basaltic dike propagation, and demonstrate its dramatic effect on magma mobility and eruptibility. Our results provide insights into the processes that control whether intrusions lead to eruption or not.

U2 - 10.1038/s41467-022-30890-8

DO - 10.1038/s41467-022-30890-8

M3 - Article (Academic Journal)

C2 - 35688812

SN - 2041-1723

VL - 13

JO - Nature Communications

JF - Nature Communications

IS - 1

M1 - 3354

ER -

Dendritic crystallization in hydrous basaltic magmas controls magma mobility within the Earth’s crust

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