Diagnostic and therapeutic medical devices for safer blood management in cardiac surgery; systematic reviews, observational studies and randomised controlled trials

GJ Murphy, Andrew Mumford, Chris A Rogers, S Wordsworth , E Stokes , Veerle Verheyden, T Kumar , Jessica M Harris, Gemma L Clayton, Lucy A Ellis, Zoe Plummer, W Dott , GF Serrano, M Wozniak, M Nath, Jonathan Sterne, Gianni Angelini, Barnaby Reeves

Research output: Contribution to journalArticle (Academic Journal)peer-review

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Abstract

Background: Anaemia, coagulopathic bleeding, and transfusion, are strongly associated with organ failure, sepsis and death following cardiac surgery.

Aims: To evaluate the clinical and cost effectiveness of medical devices used as diagnostic and therapeutic tools for the management of anaemia and bleeding in cardiac surgery.

Methods and Results: Work stream 1: In the COPTIC study (ISRCTN20778544) we demonstrated that risk assessment using baseline clinical factors predicted bleeding with a high degree of accuracy. The results from Point-of-Care (POC) platelet aggregometry or viscoelastometry tests or an expanded range of reference laboratory tests for coagulopathy did not improve predictive accuracy beyond that achieved with the clinical risk score alone. The routine use of POC tests was not cost-effective. A systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42016033831) concluded that POC based algorithms are not clinically effective. We developed two new clinical risk prediction scores for transfusion and bleeding that are available as e-calculators.

Work stream 2: In the PASPORT Trial (ISRCTN 23557269), and a systematic review (PROSPERO CRD4201502769) we demonstrated that personalised Near Infra-red Spectroscopy based algorithms for the optimisation of tissue oxygenation, or as indicators for red cell transfusion, were neither clinically nor cost effective.

Work stream 3: In the REDWASH trial (SRCTN 27076315) we failed to demonstrate a reduction in inflammation or organ injury in recipients of mechanically washed versus standard (unwashed) red cells.

Limitations: Existing studies evaluating the predictive accuracy or effectiveness of POC tests of coagulopathy, or Near Infra-Red spectroscopy were at high risk of bias. Interventions that alter red cell transfusion exposure, a common surrogate outcome in most trials, were not found to be clinically effective.

Conclusions: A systematic assessment of devices in clinical use as blood management adjuncts in cardiac surgery did not demonstrate clinical or cost effectiveness.

Further Research: The contribution of anaemia and coagulopathy to adverse clinical outcomes following cardiac surgery remains poorly understood. Further research to define the pathogenesis of these conditions may to lead to more accurate diagnosis, more effective treatments, and potentially improved clinical outcomes.

Funding: NIHR Programme Grants for Applied Research
Original languageEnglish
Number of pages454
JournalHealth Services and Delivery Research
Volume5
Issue number17
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Sept 2017

Research Groups and Themes

  • BTC (Bristol Trials Centre)
  • Centre for Surgical Research

Keywords

  • Transfusion
  • Coagulopathy
  • Cardiac Surgery
  • Patient Blood Management
  • Point-of Care
  • Viscoelastometry
  • Platelet aggregometry
  • Near Infra-Red Spectroscopy
  • Red Cell storage Lesion
  • Red cell washing

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