Differential effects of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2 on atherosclerosis and monocyte/macrophage invasion

Karina Di Gregoli, Sarah J George, Christopher L Jackson, Andrew C Newby, Jason L Johnson*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticle (Academic Journal)peer-review

50 Citations (Scopus)
431 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Aims MMPs contribute to atherosclerotic plaque progression and instability, but the relative potency of their endogenous tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) as protective factors has not been defined. We therefore investigated the impact of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 knockout on atherosclerotic plaque burden and composition in apolipoprotein E-knockout (Apoe−/−) mice and studied the underlying effects on monocyte/macrophage behaviour.

Methods and results Analysis of brachiocephalic artery plaques revealed comparable atherosclerotic lesion areas between TIMP-1−/− Apoe−/− or TIMP-2−/− Apoe−/− double deficient mice and relevant age-matched, strain-matched Apoe−/− controls after 8 weeks of high-fat feeding. However, lesions from TIMP-2−/− Apoe−/− mice had higher levels of markers associated with plaque vulnerability, including increased macrophage: vascular smooth muscle cell ratios, larger necrotic core areas, reduced collagen contents, increased macrophage proliferation, and apoptosis frequencies, compared with TIMP-1−/−Apoe−/− and controls. In contrast, TIMP-1−/− Apoe−/− animals only had a significant reduction in vascular smooth muscle cell content compared with Apoe−/− controls. In vitro and in vivo findings implicated heightened monocyte/macrophage invasion in the detrimental effects observed on atherosclerotic plaque composition in TIMP-2−/− Apoe−/− mice. Moreover, TIMP-2 specifically decreased MMP-14-dependent monocyte/macrophage infiltration into sites of experimentally induced inflammation and established atherosclerotic lesions.

Conclusion Our data demonstrate that TIMP-2 plays a greater protective role than TIMP-1 during the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, in part by suppressing MMP-14-dependent monocyte/macrophage accumulation into plaques.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)318-330
Number of pages13
JournalCardiovascular Research
Volume109
Issue number2
Early online date8 Dec 2015
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Feb 2016

Keywords

  • Atherosclerosis
  • Macrophage
  • Matrix metalloproteinases
  • Monocyte
  • Plaque progression

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