Dispray: The Design of an AR-Augmented Airbrush for Electroluminescent Display Fabrication

Ollie Hanton; Jonathan Lim; Tanvi Kotian; Torin Clark; Mike Fraser; Anne Roudaut

doi:10.1145/3772318.3790669

Dispray: The Design of an AR-Augmented Airbrush for Electroluminescent Display Fabrication

Ollie Hanton, Jonathan Lim, Tanvi Kotian, Torin Clark, Mike Fraser, Anne Roudaut

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference Contribution (Conference Proceeding)

Abstract

Recent advances in material-centric personal fabrication have enabled the use of custom inks and paints with functional properties to create free-form displays. However, working with these materials, such as through airbrushing, remains a skill-intensive process that limits non-specialist access, adoption, and further development. To address these challenges, we developed Dispray, an AR-augmented airbrush tool for fabricating electroluminescent displays. The tool was shaped by insights from a study with artists and engineers and refined through iterative prototyping. We evaluated Dispray by re-engaging with the original artists and engineers and conducting a follow-up study with novice users, demonstrating its effectiveness in supporting both skill acquisition and functional fabrication. This work contributes a novel approach to connecting emerging material fabrication with accessible, user-centered tools, advancing the democratisation of interactive device creation.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	CHI 2026 - Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Subtitle of host publication	Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Editors	Nuria Oliver, David A. Shamma, Heloisa Candello, Pablo Cesar, Pedro Lopes, Alessandro Bozzon, Thomas Kosch, Vera Liao, Xiaojuan Ma, Valentino Artizzu, Fiona Draxler, Gustavo Lopez, Anke V. Reinschluessel, Xin Tong, Phoebe O. Toups Dugas
Publisher	Association for Computing Machinery
Pages	1-19
Number of pages	19
ISBN (Electronic)	9798400722783
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3790669
Publication status	Published - 13 Apr 2026
Event	ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2026 - Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Duration: 13 Apr 2026 → 17 Apr 2026 https://chi2026.acm.org/

Publication series

Name	Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings
Publisher	ACM
ISSN (Electronic)	1062-9432

Conference

Conference	ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2026
Abbreviated title	CHI ’26
Country/Territory	Spain
City	Barcelona
Period	13/04/26 → 17/04/26
Internet address	https://chi2026.acm.org/

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2026 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

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10.1145/3772318.3790669Licence: CC BY

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Hanton, O., Lim, J., Kotian, T., Clark, T., Fraser, M., & Roudaut, A. (2026). Dispray: The Design of an AR-Augmented Airbrush for Electroluminescent Display Fabrication. In N. Oliver, D. A. Shamma, H. Candello, P. Cesar, P. Lopes, A. Bozzon, T. Kosch, V. Liao, X. Ma, V. Artizzu, F. Draxler, G. Lopez, A. V. Reinschluessel, X. Tong, & P. O. Toups Dugas (Eds.), CHI 2026 - Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems: Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1-19). Article 1468 (Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings). Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3790669

Hanton, Ollie ; Lim, Jonathan ; Kotian, Tanvi et al. / Dispray : The Design of an AR-Augmented Airbrush for Electroluminescent Display Fabrication. CHI 2026 - Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems: Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. editor / Nuria Oliver ; David A. Shamma ; Heloisa Candello ; Pablo Cesar ; Pedro Lopes ; Alessandro Bozzon ; Thomas Kosch ; Vera Liao ; Xiaojuan Ma ; Valentino Artizzu ; Fiona Draxler ; Gustavo Lopez ; Anke V. Reinschluessel ; Xin Tong ; Phoebe O. Toups Dugas. Association for Computing Machinery, 2026. pp. 1-19 (Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings).

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title = "Dispray: The Design of an AR-Augmented Airbrush for Electroluminescent Display Fabrication",

abstract = "Recent advances in material-centric personal fabrication have enabled the use of custom inks and paints with functional properties to create free-form displays. However, working with these materials, such as through airbrushing, remains a skill-intensive process that limits non-specialist access, adoption, and further development. To address these challenges, we developed Dispray, an AR-augmented airbrush tool for fabricating electroluminescent displays. The tool was shaped by insights from a study with artists and engineers and refined through iterative prototyping. We evaluated Dispray by re-engaging with the original artists and engineers and conducting a follow-up study with novice users, demonstrating its effectiveness in supporting both skill acquisition and functional fabrication. This work contributes a novel approach to connecting emerging material fabrication with accessible, user-centered tools, advancing the democratisation of interactive device creation.",

author = "Ollie Hanton and Jonathan Lim and Tanvi Kotian and Torin Clark and Mike Fraser and Anne Roudaut",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2026 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).; ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2026, CHI {\textquoteright}26 ; Conference date: 13-04-2026 Through 17-04-2026",

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doi = "10.1145/3772318.3790669",

language = "English",

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editor = "Nuria Oliver and Shamma, \{David A.\} and Heloisa Candello and Pablo Cesar and Pedro Lopes and Alessandro Bozzon and Thomas Kosch and Vera Liao and Xiaojuan Ma and Valentino Artizzu and Fiona Draxler and Gustavo Lopez and Reinschluessel, \{Anke V.\} and Xin Tong and \{Toups Dugas\}, \{Phoebe O.\}",

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Hanton, O, Lim, J, Kotian, T, Clark, T , Fraser, M & Roudaut, A 2026, Dispray: The Design of an AR-Augmented Airbrush for Electroluminescent Display Fabrication. in N Oliver, DA Shamma, H Candello, P Cesar, P Lopes, A Bozzon, T Kosch, V Liao, X Ma, V Artizzu, F Draxler, G Lopez, AV Reinschluessel, X Tong & PO Toups Dugas (eds), CHI 2026 - Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems: Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems., 1468, Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings, Association for Computing Machinery, pp. 1-19, ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2026, Barcelona, Spain, 13/04/26. https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3790669

Dispray: The Design of an AR-Augmented Airbrush for Electroluminescent Display Fabrication. / Hanton, Ollie; Lim, Jonathan; Kotian, Tanvi et al.
CHI 2026 - Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems: Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ed. / Nuria Oliver; David A. Shamma; Heloisa Candello; Pablo Cesar; Pedro Lopes; Alessandro Bozzon; Thomas Kosch; Vera Liao; Xiaojuan Ma; Valentino Artizzu; Fiona Draxler; Gustavo Lopez; Anke V. Reinschluessel; Xin Tong; Phoebe O. Toups Dugas. Association for Computing Machinery, 2026. p. 1-19 1468 (Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference Contribution (Conference Proceeding)

TY - GEN

T1 - Dispray

T2 - ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2026

AU - Hanton, Ollie

AU - Lim, Jonathan

AU - Kotian, Tanvi

AU - Clark, Torin

AU - Fraser, Mike

AU - Roudaut, Anne

PY - 2026/4/13

Y1 - 2026/4/13

N2 - Recent advances in material-centric personal fabrication have enabled the use of custom inks and paints with functional properties to create free-form displays. However, working with these materials, such as through airbrushing, remains a skill-intensive process that limits non-specialist access, adoption, and further development. To address these challenges, we developed Dispray, an AR-augmented airbrush tool for fabricating electroluminescent displays. The tool was shaped by insights from a study with artists and engineers and refined through iterative prototyping. We evaluated Dispray by re-engaging with the original artists and engineers and conducting a follow-up study with novice users, demonstrating its effectiveness in supporting both skill acquisition and functional fabrication. This work contributes a novel approach to connecting emerging material fabrication with accessible, user-centered tools, advancing the democratisation of interactive device creation.

AB - Recent advances in material-centric personal fabrication have enabled the use of custom inks and paints with functional properties to create free-form displays. However, working with these materials, such as through airbrushing, remains a skill-intensive process that limits non-specialist access, adoption, and further development. To address these challenges, we developed Dispray, an AR-augmented airbrush tool for fabricating electroluminescent displays. The tool was shaped by insights from a study with artists and engineers and refined through iterative prototyping. We evaluated Dispray by re-engaging with the original artists and engineers and conducting a follow-up study with novice users, demonstrating its effectiveness in supporting both skill acquisition and functional fabrication. This work contributes a novel approach to connecting emerging material fabrication with accessible, user-centered tools, advancing the democratisation of interactive device creation.

U2 - 10.1145/3772318.3790669

DO - 10.1145/3772318.3790669

M3 - Conference Contribution (Conference Proceeding)

T3 - Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings

SP - 1

EP - 19

BT - CHI 2026 - Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

A2 - Oliver, Nuria

A2 - Shamma, David A.

A2 - Candello, Heloisa

A2 - Cesar, Pablo

A2 - Lopes, Pedro

A2 - Bozzon, Alessandro

A2 - Kosch, Thomas

A2 - Liao, Vera

A2 - Ma, Xiaojuan

A2 - Artizzu, Valentino

A2 - Draxler, Fiona

A2 - Lopez, Gustavo

A2 - Reinschluessel, Anke V.

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PB - Association for Computing Machinery

Y2 - 13 April 2026 through 17 April 2026

ER -

Hanton O, Lim J, Kotian T, Clark T , Fraser M , Roudaut A. Dispray: The Design of an AR-Augmented Airbrush for Electroluminescent Display Fabrication. In Oliver N, Shamma DA, Candello H, Cesar P, Lopes P, Bozzon A, Kosch T, Liao V, Ma X, Artizzu V, Draxler F, Lopez G, Reinschluessel AV, Tong X, Toups Dugas PO, editors, CHI 2026 - Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems: Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Association for Computing Machinery. 2026. p. 1-19. 1468. (Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings). doi: 10.1145/3772318.3790669

Dispray: The Design of an AR-Augmented Airbrush for Electroluminescent Display Fabrication

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