Disrupted apolipoprotein L1-miR193a axis dedifferentiates podocytes through autophagy blockade in an APOL1 risk milieu

Vinod Kumar, Kamesh Ayasolla, Alok Jha, Abheepsa Mishra, Himanshu Vashistha, Xiqian Lan, Maleeha Qayyum, Sushma Chinnapaka, Richa Purohit, Joanna Mikulak, Moin A Saleem, Ashwani Malhotra, Karl Skorecki, Pravin C Singhal

Research output: Contribution to journalArticle (Academic Journal)peer-review

22 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

We hypothesized that a functional apolipoprotein LI (APOL1)-miR193a axis (inverse relationship) preserves, but disruption alters, the podocyte molecular phenotype through the modulation of autophagy flux. Podocyte-expressing APOL1G0 (G0-podocytes) showed downregulation but podocyte-expressing APOL1G1 (G1-podocytes) and APOL1G2 (G2-podocytes) displayed enhanced miR193a expression. G0-, G1-, and G2-podocytes showed enhanced expression of light chain (LC) 3-II and beclin-1, but a disparate expression of p62 (low in wild-type but high in risk alleles). G0-podocytes showed enhanced, whereas G1- and G2-podocytes displayed decreased, phosphorylation of Unc-51-like autophagy-activating kinase (ULK)1 and class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3KC3). Podocytes overexpressing miR193a (miR193a-podocytes), G1, and G2 showed decreased transcription of PIK3R3 (PI3KC3's regulatory unit). Since 3-methyladenine (3-MA) enhanced miR193a expression but inhibited PIK3R3 transcription, it appears that 3-MA inhibits autophagy and induces podocyte dedifferentiation via miR193a generation. miR193a-, G1-, and G2-podocytes also showed decreased phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) that could repress lysosome reformation. G1- and G2-podocytes showed enhanced expression of run domain beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein (Rubicon); however, its silencing prevented their dedifferentiation. Docking, protein-protein interaction, and immunoprecipitation studies with antiautophagy-related gene (ATG)14L, anti-UV radiation resistance-associated gene (UVRAG), or Rubicon antibodies suggested the formation of ATG14L complex I and UVRAG complex II in G0-podocytes and the formation of Rubicon complex III in G1- and G2-podocytes. These findings suggest that the APOL1 risk alleles favor podocyte dedifferentiation through blockade of multiple autophagy pathways.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)C209-C225
JournalAmerican journal of physiology. Cell physiology
Volume317
Issue number2
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 22 May 2019

Keywords

  • Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/metabolism
  • Apolipoprotein L1/genetics
  • Autophagosomes/metabolism
  • Autophagy
  • Autophagy-Related Proteins/metabolism
  • Cell Dedifferentiation
  • Cell Line, Transformed
  • Gene Expression Regulation
  • Humans
  • MicroRNAs/genetics
  • Molecular Dynamics Simulation
  • Phenotype
  • Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
  • Podocytes/metabolism
  • Protein Interaction Maps
  • Signal Transduction
  • Tumor Suppressor Proteins/metabolism

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