Abstract
Background:
Most studies of associations between child growth and cognitive ability were based on size at one or two ages and a single measure of cognition. Thus, we aimed to characterize different aspects of early growth and their associations with cognitive outcomes in childhood through adolescence.
Methods:
In a sample of 12,368 Belarusian children born at term, we examined associations between length/height and weight trajectories over the first 6.5-years of life with cognitive ability
at 6.5 and 16 years and its change over time. We estimated growth trajectories using two random effects models—the Super Imposition by Translation and Rotation to model overall patterns of growth and the Jenss-Bayley to distinguish growth in infancy vs post-infancy. Cognitive ability was measured using the Wechsler Abbreviated Scales of Intelligence at 6.5 years and the computerized NeuroTrax test at 16 years.
Results: Higher length/height between birth and 6.5 years was associated with higher cognitive scores at 6.5 and 16 years [2.7 points (95% CI: 2.1, 3.2) and 2.5 points (95% CI: 1.9, 3.0), respectively, per standard deviation (SD) increase]. A 1-SD delay in the childhood height growth spurt was negatively associated with cognitive scores [-2.4, 95% CI: (-3.0, -1.8) at age 6.5; -2.2, 95% CI: (-2.7, -1.6) at 16 years]. Birth size and post-infancy growth velocity were positively associated with cognitive scores at both ages. Height trajectories were not associated with the change in cognitive score. Similar results were observed for weight trajectories.
Conclusion: Among term infants, overall size, timing of the childhood growth spurt, size at birth, and post-infancy growth velocity were all associated with cognitive ability at early school age and adolescence.
Most studies of associations between child growth and cognitive ability were based on size at one or two ages and a single measure of cognition. Thus, we aimed to characterize different aspects of early growth and their associations with cognitive outcomes in childhood through adolescence.
Methods:
In a sample of 12,368 Belarusian children born at term, we examined associations between length/height and weight trajectories over the first 6.5-years of life with cognitive ability
at 6.5 and 16 years and its change over time. We estimated growth trajectories using two random effects models—the Super Imposition by Translation and Rotation to model overall patterns of growth and the Jenss-Bayley to distinguish growth in infancy vs post-infancy. Cognitive ability was measured using the Wechsler Abbreviated Scales of Intelligence at 6.5 years and the computerized NeuroTrax test at 16 years.
Results: Higher length/height between birth and 6.5 years was associated with higher cognitive scores at 6.5 and 16 years [2.7 points (95% CI: 2.1, 3.2) and 2.5 points (95% CI: 1.9, 3.0), respectively, per standard deviation (SD) increase]. A 1-SD delay in the childhood height growth spurt was negatively associated with cognitive scores [-2.4, 95% CI: (-3.0, -1.8) at age 6.5; -2.2, 95% CI: (-2.7, -1.6) at 16 years]. Birth size and post-infancy growth velocity were positively associated with cognitive scores at both ages. Height trajectories were not associated with the change in cognitive score. Similar results were observed for weight trajectories.
Conclusion: Among term infants, overall size, timing of the childhood growth spurt, size at birth, and post-infancy growth velocity were all associated with cognitive ability at early school age and adolescence.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal | International Journal of Epidemiology |
| Publication status | Accepted/In press - 6 May 2020 |
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Ahmed, A., Kramer, M. S., Bernard, J. Y., Perez Trejo, M. E., Martin, R. M., Oken, E., & Yang, S. (Accepted/In press). Early childhood growth trajectory and later cognitive ability: Evidence from a large prospective birth cohort of healthy term-born children. International Journal of Epidemiology.