Emerging therapies and their delivery for treating age-related macular degeneration

Chloe N Thomas; Dawn A Sim; Wen Hwa Lee; Nada Alfahad; Andrew D Dick; Alastair Denniston; Lisa J Hill

doi:10.1111/bph.15459

Emerging therapies and their delivery for treating age-related macular degeneration

Chloe N Thomas^*, Dawn A Sim, Wen Hwa Lee, Nada Alfahad, Andrew D Dick, Alastair Denniston, Lisa J Hill^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article (Academic Journal) › peer-review

13 Citations (Scopus)

176 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of blindness in the Western world and is characterised in its latter stages by retinal cell death and neovascularisation and earlier stages with the loss of parainflammatory homeostasis. Patients with neovascular AMD (nAMD) are treated with frequent intraocular injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapies, which are not only unpopular with patients, but carry risks of sight-threatening complications. A minority of patients are unresponsive with no alternative treatment available and some patients who respond initially eventually develop a tolerance to treatment. New therapeutics with improved delivery methods and sustainability of clinical effects are required, in particular for non-neovascular AMD (90% of cases and no current approved treatments). There are age-related and disease-related changes that occur which can affect ocular drug delivery. Here, we review the latest emerging therapies for AMD, their delivery routes, and implications for translating to clinical practice.

Original language	English
Number of pages	30
Journal	British Journal of Pharmacology
Early online date	26 Mar 2021
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.15459
Publication status	E-pub ahead of print - 26 Mar 2021

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This work was funded by Fight for Sight UK (ref: 5093/5094). The figures were created with BioRender.com

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Authors. British Journal of Pharmacology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Pharmacological Society.

Keywords

age-related macular degeneration
retina
drug delivery
immunotherapy
ocular disease
complement
anti-VEGF

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title = "Emerging therapies and their delivery for treating age-related macular degeneration",

abstract = "Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of blindness in the Western world and is characterised in its latter stages by retinal cell death and neovascularisation and earlier stages with the loss of parainflammatory homeostasis. Patients with neovascular AMD (nAMD) are treated with frequent intraocular injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapies, which are not only unpopular with patients, but carry risks of sight-threatening complications. A minority of patients are unresponsive with no alternative treatment available and some patients who respond initially eventually develop a tolerance to treatment. New therapeutics with improved delivery methods and sustainability of clinical effects are required, in particular for non-neovascular AMD (90% of cases and no current approved treatments). There are age-related and disease-related changes that occur which can affect ocular drug delivery. Here, we review the latest emerging therapies for AMD, their delivery routes, and implications for translating to clinical practice.",

keywords = "age-related macular degeneration, retina, drug delivery, immunotherapy, ocular disease, complement, anti-VEGF",

author = "Thomas, {Chloe N} and Sim, {Dawn A} and Lee, {Wen Hwa} and Nada Alfahad and Dick, {Andrew D} and Alastair Denniston and Hill, {Lisa J}",

note = "Funding Information: This work was funded by Fight for Sight UK (ref: 5093/5094). The figures were created with BioRender.com Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 The Authors. British Journal of Pharmacology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Pharmacological Society.",

year = "2021",

month = mar,

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doi = "10.1111/bph.15459",

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AU - Thomas, Chloe N

AU - Sim, Dawn A

AU - Lee, Wen Hwa

AU - Alfahad, Nada

AU - Dick, Andrew D

AU - Denniston, Alastair

AU - Hill, Lisa J

N1 - Funding Information: This work was funded by Fight for Sight UK (ref: 5093/5094). The figures were created with BioRender.com Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Authors. British Journal of Pharmacology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Pharmacological Society.

PY - 2021/3/26

Y1 - 2021/3/26

N2 - Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of blindness in the Western world and is characterised in its latter stages by retinal cell death and neovascularisation and earlier stages with the loss of parainflammatory homeostasis. Patients with neovascular AMD (nAMD) are treated with frequent intraocular injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapies, which are not only unpopular with patients, but carry risks of sight-threatening complications. A minority of patients are unresponsive with no alternative treatment available and some patients who respond initially eventually develop a tolerance to treatment. New therapeutics with improved delivery methods and sustainability of clinical effects are required, in particular for non-neovascular AMD (90% of cases and no current approved treatments). There are age-related and disease-related changes that occur which can affect ocular drug delivery. Here, we review the latest emerging therapies for AMD, their delivery routes, and implications for translating to clinical practice.

AB - Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of blindness in the Western world and is characterised in its latter stages by retinal cell death and neovascularisation and earlier stages with the loss of parainflammatory homeostasis. Patients with neovascular AMD (nAMD) are treated with frequent intraocular injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapies, which are not only unpopular with patients, but carry risks of sight-threatening complications. A minority of patients are unresponsive with no alternative treatment available and some patients who respond initially eventually develop a tolerance to treatment. New therapeutics with improved delivery methods and sustainability of clinical effects are required, in particular for non-neovascular AMD (90% of cases and no current approved treatments). There are age-related and disease-related changes that occur which can affect ocular drug delivery. Here, we review the latest emerging therapies for AMD, their delivery routes, and implications for translating to clinical practice.

KW - age-related macular degeneration

KW - retina

KW - drug delivery

KW - immunotherapy

KW - ocular disease

KW - complement

KW - anti-VEGF

U2 - 10.1111/bph.15459

DO - 10.1111/bph.15459

M3 - Review article (Academic Journal)

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JO - British Journal of Pharmacology

JF - British Journal of Pharmacology

SN - 0007-1188

ER -

Emerging therapies and their delivery for treating age-related macular degeneration

Abstract

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Keywords

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