Abstract
Background: Anxiety and depression are leading causes of disability worldwide, yet individuals are often unable to access appropriate treatment. There is a need to develop effective interventions that can be delivered remotely. Previous research has suggested that emotional processing biases are a potential target for intervention, and these may be altered through brief training programs.
Methods: We report two experimental medicine studies of emotional bias training in two samples: individuals from the general population (n = 522) and individuals currently taking antidepressants to treat anxiety or depression (n = 212). Participants, recruited online, completed 4 sessions of EBT from their own home. Mental health and cognitive functioning outcomes were assessed at baseline, immediately post-training, and at two-week follow-up.
Results: In both studies, our intervention successfully trained participants to perceive ambiguous social information more positively. This persisted at two-week follow-up. There was no clear evidence that this change in emotional processing transferred to improvements in symptoms in the primary analyses. However, in both studies there was weak evidence for improved quality of life following EBT amongst individuals with more depressive symptoms at baseline. No clear evidence of transfer effects was observed for self-reported daily stress, anhedonia or depressive symptoms.
Conclusions: These studies demonstrate the effectiveness of delivering a multi- session online training program to promote lasting cognitive changes. Given the inconsistent evidence for transfer effects, EBT requires further development before it can be considered as a treatment for anxiety and depression.
Methods: We report two experimental medicine studies of emotional bias training in two samples: individuals from the general population (n = 522) and individuals currently taking antidepressants to treat anxiety or depression (n = 212). Participants, recruited online, completed 4 sessions of EBT from their own home. Mental health and cognitive functioning outcomes were assessed at baseline, immediately post-training, and at two-week follow-up.
Results: In both studies, our intervention successfully trained participants to perceive ambiguous social information more positively. This persisted at two-week follow-up. There was no clear evidence that this change in emotional processing transferred to improvements in symptoms in the primary analyses. However, in both studies there was weak evidence for improved quality of life following EBT amongst individuals with more depressive symptoms at baseline. No clear evidence of transfer effects was observed for self-reported daily stress, anhedonia or depressive symptoms.
Conclusions: These studies demonstrate the effectiveness of delivering a multi- session online training program to promote lasting cognitive changes. Given the inconsistent evidence for transfer effects, EBT requires further development before it can be considered as a treatment for anxiety and depression.
Original language | English |
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Number of pages | 10 |
Journal | Psychological Medicine |
Early online date | 31 May 2021 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | E-pub ahead of print - 31 May 2021 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2021 The Author(s),. Published by Cambridge University Press.
Keywords
- anxiety
- cognitive training
- depression
- digital intervention
- emotional processing