Exactly Solvable Anharmonic Oscillator, Degenerate Orthogonal Polynomials and Painlevé II

Using WKB analysis, the paper addresses a conjecture of Shapiro and Tater on the similarity between two sets of points in the complex plane; on one side is the set the values
for which the spectrum of the quartic anharmonic oscillator in the complex plane
with certain boundary conditions, has repeated eigenvalues. On the other side is the set of zeroes of the Vorob’ev–Yablonskii polynomials, i.e. the poles of rational solutions of the second Painlevé equation. Along the way, we indicate a surprising and deep connection between the anharmonic oscillator problem and certain degenerate orthogonal (monic) polynomials.