Abstract
Background
Numerous lines of evidence link periodontal pathobionts and their virulence factors with endothelial damage. Most research has been conducted using single species infections at the exclusion of other periodontal microorganisms that have been identified in vascular tissue. Here, we assessed endothelial infection with either single or mixed periodontal species infection and examined their effect on endothelial damage and permeability.
Methods
Cell surface abundance of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) or endothelial permeability following infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum subspecies (ssp) nucleatum, ssp polymorphum or Tannerella forsythia as single or mixed species infection was determined by flow cytometry and a fluorescent dextran permeability assay. Zebrafish embryos were infected systemically with either single or mixed species with mortality and disease measured over time.
Results
F. nucleatum ssp nucleatum, ssp polymorphum and P. gingivalis significantly reduced PECAM-1 abundance in single species infection, whereas T. forsythia had no effect. F. nucleatum ssp polymorphum caused considerable mortality and morbidity in a zebrafish systemic infection model. Polymicrobial infection underscored the virulence of F. nucleatum ssp polymorphum in particular with increased endothelial cell death and reduced PECAM-1 abundance in co-infection studies with this organism. When injected systemically into zebrafish in polymicrobial infection, fluorescently labeled bacteria were distributed throughout the vasculature and cardiac region where, in some instances, they co-localized with each other.
Conclusions
These data provide further evidence on the effects of F. nucleatum on endothelium adhesion molecule abundance and permeability while also highlighting the importance of performing polymicrobial infection to study the molecular mechanisms associated with periodontal pathogen-induced vascular damage.
Numerous lines of evidence link periodontal pathobionts and their virulence factors with endothelial damage. Most research has been conducted using single species infections at the exclusion of other periodontal microorganisms that have been identified in vascular tissue. Here, we assessed endothelial infection with either single or mixed periodontal species infection and examined their effect on endothelial damage and permeability.
Methods
Cell surface abundance of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) or endothelial permeability following infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum subspecies (ssp) nucleatum, ssp polymorphum or Tannerella forsythia as single or mixed species infection was determined by flow cytometry and a fluorescent dextran permeability assay. Zebrafish embryos were infected systemically with either single or mixed species with mortality and disease measured over time.
Results
F. nucleatum ssp nucleatum, ssp polymorphum and P. gingivalis significantly reduced PECAM-1 abundance in single species infection, whereas T. forsythia had no effect. F. nucleatum ssp polymorphum caused considerable mortality and morbidity in a zebrafish systemic infection model. Polymicrobial infection underscored the virulence of F. nucleatum ssp polymorphum in particular with increased endothelial cell death and reduced PECAM-1 abundance in co-infection studies with this organism. When injected systemically into zebrafish in polymicrobial infection, fluorescently labeled bacteria were distributed throughout the vasculature and cardiac region where, in some instances, they co-localized with each other.
Conclusions
These data provide further evidence on the effects of F. nucleatum on endothelium adhesion molecule abundance and permeability while also highlighting the importance of performing polymicrobial infection to study the molecular mechanisms associated with periodontal pathogen-induced vascular damage.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 1421-1433 |
| Number of pages | 13 |
| Journal | Journal of Periodontology |
| Volume | 93 |
| Issue number | 9 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 28 Jun 2022 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:The authors acknowledge Darren Robinson and Nick van Hateren (Wolfson Light Microscopy Facility, University of Sheffield) for help with in vivo imaging. The Wolfson Light Microscopy Facility is supported by a Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, UK (BBSRC) ALERT14 award (BB/M012522/1). This work was supported by the Oral and Dental Research Trust, UK (CM, CF) and British Society of Periodontology Research Award, UK (CF). CF is the recipient of a University of Sheffield Faculty Studentship.
Funding Information:
The authors acknowledge Darren Robinson and Nick van Hateren (Wolfson Light Microscopy Facility, University of Sheffield) for help with in vivo imaging. The Wolfson Light Microscopy Facility is supported by a Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, UK (BBSRC) ALERT14 award (BB/M012522/1). This work was supported by the Oral and Dental Research Trust, UK (CM, CF) and British Society of Periodontology Research Award, UK (CF). CF is the recipient of a University of Sheffield Faculty Studentship.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Authors. Journal of Periodontology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Academy of Periodontology.