Generic phases of cross-linked active gels: Relaxation, oscillation and contractility

We study analytically and numerically a generic continuum model of an isotropic active solid with internal stresses generated by nonequilibrium “active” mechano-chemical reactions. Our analysis shows that the gel can be tuned through three classes of dynamical states by increasing motor activity: a constant unstrained state of homogeneous density, a state where the local density exhibits sustained oscillations, and a steady state which is spontaneously contracted, with a uniform mean density.