GWAS of 126,559 individuals identifies genetic variants associated with educational attainment

Cornelius A Rietveld; Sarah E Medland; Jaime Derringer; Jian Yang; Tõnu Esko; Nicolas W Martin; Harm-Jan Westra; Konstantin Shakhbazov; Abdel Abdellaoui; Arpana Agrawal; Eva Albrecht; Behrooz Z Alizadeh; Najaf Amin; John Barnard; Sebastian E Baumeister; Kelly S Benke; Lawrence F Bielak; Jeffrey A Boatman; Patricia A Boyle; Gail Davies; Christiaan de Leeuw; Niina Eklund; Daniel S Evans; Rudolf Ferhmann; Krista Fischer; Christian Gieger; Håkon K Gjessing; Sara Hägg; Jennifer R Harris; Caroline Hayward; Christina Holzapfel; Carla A Ibrahim-Verbaas; Erik Ingelsson; Bo Jacobsson; Peter K Joshi; Astanand Jugessur; George McMahon; Jennifer A Smith; David A Bennett; David M Evans; Debbie A Lawlor; Lyle J Palmer; Susan M Ring; Beate St Pourcain; David R Weir; James F Wilson; Alan F Wright; George Davey Smith; Nicholas J Timpson; Peter M Visscher; LifeLines Cohort Study

doi:10.1126/science.1235488

GWAS of 126,559 individuals identifies genetic variants associated with educational attainment

Cornelius A Rietveld, Sarah E Medland, Jaime Derringer, Jian Yang, Tõnu Esko, Nicolas W Martin, Harm-Jan Westra, Konstantin Shakhbazov, Abdel Abdellaoui, Arpana Agrawal, Eva Albrecht, Behrooz Z Alizadeh, Najaf Amin, John Barnard, Sebastian E Baumeister, Kelly S Benke, Lawrence F Bielak, Jeffrey A Boatman, Patricia A Boyle, Gail DaviesChristiaan de Leeuw, Niina Eklund, Daniel S Evans, Rudolf Ferhmann, Krista Fischer, Christian Gieger, Håkon K Gjessing, Sara Hägg, Jennifer R Harris, Caroline Hayward, Christina Holzapfel, Carla A Ibrahim-Verbaas, Erik Ingelsson, Bo Jacobsson, Peter K Joshi, Astanand Jugessur, George McMahon, Jennifer A Smith, David A Bennett, David M Evans, Debbie A Lawlor, Lyle J Palmer, Susan M Ring, Beate St Pourcain, David R Weir, James F Wilson, Alan F Wright, George Davey Smith, Nicholas J Timpson, Peter M Visscher, LifeLines Cohort Study

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article (Academic Journal) › peer-review

599 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of educational attainment was conducted in a discovery sample of 101,069 individuals and a replication sample of 25,490. Three independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are genome-wide significant (rs9320913, rs11584700, rs4851266), and all three replicate. Estimated effects sizes are small (coefficient of determination R(2) ≈ 0.02%), approximately 1 month of schooling per allele. A linear polygenic score from all measured SNPs accounts for ≈2% of the variance in both educational attainment and cognitive function. Genes in the region of the loci have previously been associated with health, cognitive, and central nervous system phenotypes, and bioinformatics analyses suggest the involvement of the anterior caudate nucleus. These findings provide promising candidate SNPs for follow-up work, and our effect size estimates can anchor power analyses in social-science genetics.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1467-71
Number of pages	5
Journal	Science
Volume	340
Issue number	6139
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1235488
Publication status	Published - 21 Jun 2013

Keywords

Cognition
Educational Status
Endophenotypes
Female
Genetic Loci
Genome-Wide Association Study
Humans
Male
Multifactorial Inheritance
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

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MRC UoB UNITE Unit - Programme 1
Davey Smith, G. (Principal Investigator)
1/06/13 → 31/03/18
Project: Research
MRC UoB UNITE Unit - programme 3
Timpson, N. J. (Principal Investigator) & Timpson, N. J. (Principal Investigator)
1/06/13 → 31/03/18
Project: Research
MRC UoB UNITE Unit - Programme 5
Lawlor, D. A. (Principal Investigator) & Lawlor, D. A. (Principal Investigator)
1/06/13 → 31/03/18
Project: Research

Cite this

Rietveld, C. A., Medland, S. E., Derringer, J., Yang, J., Esko, T., Martin, N. W., Westra, H.-J., Shakhbazov, K., Abdellaoui, A., Agrawal, A., Albrecht, E., Alizadeh, B. Z., Amin, N., Barnard, J., Baumeister, S. E., Benke, K. S., Bielak, L. F., Boatman, J. A., Boyle, P. A., ... LifeLines Cohort Study (2013). GWAS of 126,559 individuals identifies genetic variants associated with educational attainment. Science, 340(6139), 1467-71. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1235488

@article{c90611dd8af347588b26a84f76c5e107,

title = "GWAS of 126,559 individuals identifies genetic variants associated with educational attainment",

abstract = "A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of educational attainment was conducted in a discovery sample of 101,069 individuals and a replication sample of 25,490. Three independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are genome-wide significant (rs9320913, rs11584700, rs4851266), and all three replicate. Estimated effects sizes are small (coefficient of determination R(2) ≈ 0.02%), approximately 1 month of schooling per allele. A linear polygenic score from all measured SNPs accounts for ≈2% of the variance in both educational attainment and cognitive function. Genes in the region of the loci have previously been associated with health, cognitive, and central nervous system phenotypes, and bioinformatics analyses suggest the involvement of the anterior caudate nucleus. These findings provide promising candidate SNPs for follow-up work, and our effect size estimates can anchor power analyses in social-science genetics.",

keywords = "Cognition, Educational Status, Endophenotypes, Female, Genetic Loci, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Male, Multifactorial Inheritance, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide",

author = "Rietveld, {Cornelius A} and Medland, {Sarah E} and Jaime Derringer and Jian Yang and T{\~o}nu Esko and Martin, {Nicolas W} and Harm-Jan Westra and Konstantin Shakhbazov and Abdel Abdellaoui and Arpana Agrawal and Eva Albrecht and Alizadeh, {Behrooz Z} and Najaf Amin and John Barnard and Baumeister, {Sebastian E} and Benke, {Kelly S} and Bielak, {Lawrence F} and Boatman, {Jeffrey A} and Boyle, {Patricia A} and Gail Davies and {de Leeuw}, Christiaan and Niina Eklund and Evans, {Daniel S} and Rudolf Ferhmann and Krista Fischer and Christian Gieger and Gjessing, {H{\aa}kon K} and Sara H{\"a}gg and Harris, {Jennifer R} and Caroline Hayward and Christina Holzapfel and Ibrahim-Verbaas, {Carla A} and Erik Ingelsson and Bo Jacobsson and Joshi, {Peter K} and Astanand Jugessur and George McMahon and Smith, {Jennifer A} and Bennett, {David A} and Evans, {David M} and Lawlor, {Debbie A} and Palmer, {Lyle J} and Ring, {Susan M} and {St Pourcain}, Beate and Weir, {David R} and Wilson, {James F} and Wright, {Alan F} and {Davey Smith}, George and Timpson, {Nicholas J} and Visscher, {Peter M} and {LifeLines Cohort Study}",

year = "2013",

month = jun,

day = "21",

doi = "10.1126/science.1235488",

language = "English",

volume = "340",

pages = "1467--71",

journal = "Science",

issn = "0036-8075",

publisher = "American Association for the Advancement of Science",

number = "6139",

}

Rietveld, CA, Medland, SE, Derringer, J, Yang, J, Esko, T, Martin, NW, Westra, H-J, Shakhbazov, K, Abdellaoui, A, Agrawal, A, Albrecht, E, Alizadeh, BZ, Amin, N, Barnard, J, Baumeister, SE, Benke, KS, Bielak, LF, Boatman, JA, Boyle, PA, Davies, G, de Leeuw, C, Eklund, N, Evans, DS, Ferhmann, R, Fischer, K, Gieger, C, Gjessing, HK, Hägg, S, Harris, JR, Hayward, C, Holzapfel, C, Ibrahim-Verbaas, CA, Ingelsson, E, Jacobsson, B, Joshi, PK, Jugessur, A, McMahon, G, Smith, JA, Bennett, DA, Evans, DM, Lawlor, DA, Palmer, LJ, Ring, SM , St Pourcain, B, Weir, DR, Wilson, JF, Wright, AF, Davey Smith, G , Timpson, NJ, Visscher, PM & LifeLines Cohort Study 2013, 'GWAS of 126,559 individuals identifies genetic variants associated with educational attainment', Science, vol. 340, no. 6139, pp. 1467-71. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1235488

TY - JOUR

T1 - GWAS of 126,559 individuals identifies genetic variants associated with educational attainment

AU - Rietveld, Cornelius A

AU - Medland, Sarah E

AU - Derringer, Jaime

AU - Yang, Jian

AU - Esko, Tõnu

AU - Martin, Nicolas W

AU - Westra, Harm-Jan

AU - Shakhbazov, Konstantin

AU - Abdellaoui, Abdel

AU - Agrawal, Arpana

AU - Albrecht, Eva

AU - Alizadeh, Behrooz Z

AU - Amin, Najaf

AU - Barnard, John

AU - Baumeister, Sebastian E

AU - Benke, Kelly S

AU - Bielak, Lawrence F

AU - Boatman, Jeffrey A

AU - Boyle, Patricia A

AU - Davies, Gail

AU - de Leeuw, Christiaan

AU - Eklund, Niina

AU - Evans, Daniel S

AU - Ferhmann, Rudolf

AU - Fischer, Krista

AU - Gieger, Christian

AU - Gjessing, Håkon K

AU - Hägg, Sara

AU - Harris, Jennifer R

AU - Hayward, Caroline

AU - Holzapfel, Christina

AU - Ibrahim-Verbaas, Carla A

AU - Ingelsson, Erik

AU - Jacobsson, Bo

AU - Joshi, Peter K

AU - Jugessur, Astanand

AU - McMahon, George

AU - Smith, Jennifer A

AU - Bennett, David A

AU - Evans, David M

AU - Lawlor, Debbie A

AU - Palmer, Lyle J

AU - Ring, Susan M

AU - St Pourcain, Beate

AU - Weir, David R

AU - Wilson, James F

AU - Wright, Alan F

AU - Davey Smith, George

AU - Timpson, Nicholas J

AU - Visscher, Peter M

AU - LifeLines Cohort Study

PY - 2013/6/21

Y1 - 2013/6/21

N2 - A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of educational attainment was conducted in a discovery sample of 101,069 individuals and a replication sample of 25,490. Three independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are genome-wide significant (rs9320913, rs11584700, rs4851266), and all three replicate. Estimated effects sizes are small (coefficient of determination R(2) ≈ 0.02%), approximately 1 month of schooling per allele. A linear polygenic score from all measured SNPs accounts for ≈2% of the variance in both educational attainment and cognitive function. Genes in the region of the loci have previously been associated with health, cognitive, and central nervous system phenotypes, and bioinformatics analyses suggest the involvement of the anterior caudate nucleus. These findings provide promising candidate SNPs for follow-up work, and our effect size estimates can anchor power analyses in social-science genetics.

AB - A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of educational attainment was conducted in a discovery sample of 101,069 individuals and a replication sample of 25,490. Three independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are genome-wide significant (rs9320913, rs11584700, rs4851266), and all three replicate. Estimated effects sizes are small (coefficient of determination R(2) ≈ 0.02%), approximately 1 month of schooling per allele. A linear polygenic score from all measured SNPs accounts for ≈2% of the variance in both educational attainment and cognitive function. Genes in the region of the loci have previously been associated with health, cognitive, and central nervous system phenotypes, and bioinformatics analyses suggest the involvement of the anterior caudate nucleus. These findings provide promising candidate SNPs for follow-up work, and our effect size estimates can anchor power analyses in social-science genetics.

KW - Cognition

KW - Educational Status

KW - Endophenotypes

KW - Female

KW - Genetic Loci

KW - Genome-Wide Association Study

KW - Humans

KW - Male

KW - Multifactorial Inheritance

KW - Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

U2 - 10.1126/science.1235488

DO - 10.1126/science.1235488

M3 - Article (Academic Journal)

C2 - 23722424

SN - 0036-8075

VL - 340

SP - 1467

EP - 1471

JO - Science

JF - Science

IS - 6139

ER -

GWAS of 126,559 individuals identifies genetic variants associated with educational attainment

Abstract

Keywords

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Projects

MRC UoB UNITE Unit - Programme 1

MRC UoB UNITE Unit - programme 3

MRC UoB UNITE Unit - Programme 5

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