Improved Aerodynamic Performance Combining Control Surface Deflections and Aeroelastic Tailoring

The interplay between passive and active wing shape adaptation for improved aerostructural performance is analysed in this paper. Shape adaptation is sought as a means for load redistribution, alleviation and, in turn, weight saving. Passive aeroelastic responses are obtained by designing bend-twist coupling into a hybrid wing-box with composite skins. Active shape variations are realised via trailing edge control surfaces (similar to ailerons), distributed along the full wingspan. A bi-level design framework, incorporating gradient-based and particle swarm optimisations, is utilised to search the wing’s design space for beneficial aerostructural properties and control surface deflection scheduling. Optimisation design variables include structural dimensions, composite lamination parameters, stringer position, rib orientation and spacing, and the deflections of individual control surfaces. Design constraints consist of allowable stresses and deformations, structural stability (i.e. buckling) and composites manufacturing guidelines. The design approach is shown to produce weight reductions and improved aerodynamic performance.