Infectious Bronchitis Virus Nonstructural Protein 4 Alone Induces Membrane Pairing

Nicola Doyle, Benjamin W Neuman, Jennifer Simpson, Philippa Hawes, Judith Mantell, Paul Verkade, Hasan Alrashedi, Helena Maier

Research output: Contribution to journalArticle (Academic Journal)peer-review

10 Citations (Scopus)
268 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Positive-strand RNA viruses, such as coronaviruses, induce cellular membrane rearrangements during replication to form replication organelles allowing for efficient viral RNA synthesis. Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a pathogenic avian Gammacoronavirus of significant importance to the global poultry industry, has been shown to induce the formation of double membrane vesicles (DMVs), zippered endoplasmic reticulum (zER) and tethered vesicles, known as spherules. These membrane rearrangements are virally induced; however, it remains unclear which viral proteins are responsible. In this study, membrane rearrangements induced when expressing viral non-structural proteins (nsps) from two different strains of IBV were compared. Three non-structural transmembrane proteins, nsp3, nsp4, and nsp6, were expressed in cells singularly or in combination and the effects on cellular membranes investigated using electron microscopy and electron tomography. In contrast to previously studied coronaviruses, IBV nsp4 alone is necessary and sufficient to induce membrane pairing; however, expression of the transmembrane proteins together was not sufficient to fully recapitulate DMVs. This indicates that although nsp4 is able to singularly induce membrane pairing, further viral or host factors are required in order to fully assemble IBV replicative structures. This study highlights further differences in the mechanism of membrane rearrangements between members of the coronavirus family
Original languageEnglish
Article number477
Number of pages17
JournalViruses
Volume10
Issue number9
Early online date6 Sep 2018
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Sep 2018

Keywords

  • coronavirus
  • infectious bronchitis virus
  • non-structural protein
  • nsp4
  • nsp3
  • membrane rearrangements
  • electron tomography
  • paired membranes
  • zippered ER

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