TY - JOUR
T1 - Influence of different drugs on HIV risk in people who inject
T2 - systematic review and meta-analysis
AU - Tavitian-Exley, Isabel
AU - Vickerman, Peter
AU - Bastos, Francisco I.
AU - Boily, Marie Claude
PY - 2015/4/1
Y1 - 2015/4/1
N2 - Aims: To assess systematically the risk of HIV acquisition by type of drug injected across different settings. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. Databases were searched for studies of HIV incidence in people who inject different drugs (PWID). Pooled HIV incidence rate ratio (IRR) was used to compare HIV risk between injecting and not-injecting a given drug, when possible, or otherwise with those reported not to have injected the substance. Pooled estimates of crude IRR were derived using random-effects models. Variations in IRR were assessed in subgroup analyses, by drug and geographical region. Results: Of 5779 studies screened, 15 were included. HIV incidence was reported for people injecting cocaine (eight: North America, Europe), amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) (four: Western and Eastern Europe, Asia), heroin (11: all settings), opiate-stimulants (four: North America, Western and Eastern Europe) and opiates-sedatives (five: Europe, Asia). HIV risk in cocaine injectors was 3.6 times 95% confidence interval (CI)=2.8-4.7, I2=0%; n=4) that of non-injectors and 3.0 for ATS injectors (95% CI=2.2-4.1, I2=0%; n=2). Higher sexual risk was reported in cohorts injecting stimulants. Compared to not-injecting, HIV IRR was 2.8 (95% CI=1.7-4.7, I2=77%; n=6) for all heroin injectors and 3.5 (95% CI=2.3-5.2, I2=40%; n=5) for heroin injectors in Asia and Europe. Conclusion: The risk of HIV acquisition in people who inject drugs appears to vary by drug type but differences are not statistically significant, precluding conclusive grading of risk.
AB - Aims: To assess systematically the risk of HIV acquisition by type of drug injected across different settings. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. Databases were searched for studies of HIV incidence in people who inject different drugs (PWID). Pooled HIV incidence rate ratio (IRR) was used to compare HIV risk between injecting and not-injecting a given drug, when possible, or otherwise with those reported not to have injected the substance. Pooled estimates of crude IRR were derived using random-effects models. Variations in IRR were assessed in subgroup analyses, by drug and geographical region. Results: Of 5779 studies screened, 15 were included. HIV incidence was reported for people injecting cocaine (eight: North America, Europe), amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) (four: Western and Eastern Europe, Asia), heroin (11: all settings), opiate-stimulants (four: North America, Western and Eastern Europe) and opiates-sedatives (five: Europe, Asia). HIV risk in cocaine injectors was 3.6 times 95% confidence interval (CI)=2.8-4.7, I2=0%; n=4) that of non-injectors and 3.0 for ATS injectors (95% CI=2.2-4.1, I2=0%; n=2). Higher sexual risk was reported in cohorts injecting stimulants. Compared to not-injecting, HIV IRR was 2.8 (95% CI=1.7-4.7, I2=77%; n=6) for all heroin injectors and 3.5 (95% CI=2.3-5.2, I2=40%; n=5) for heroin injectors in Asia and Europe. Conclusion: The risk of HIV acquisition in people who inject drugs appears to vary by drug type but differences are not statistically significant, precluding conclusive grading of risk.
KW - HIV
KW - Incidence
KW - Injecting drug use
KW - Polydrug use
KW - Risk factors
KW - Substance abuse
KW - Transmission
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84924701147&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1111/add.12846
DO - 10.1111/add.12846
M3 - Review article (Academic Journal)
C2 - 25582153
AN - SCOPUS:84924701147
SN - 0965-2140
VL - 110
SP - 572
EP - 584
JO - Addiction
JF - Addiction
IS - 4
ER -