Influence of NCF architecture on the morphology of forming induced wrinkling

Claudia Jimenez Martin; Vincent K. Maes; Turlough McMahon; James Kratz

doi:10.3389/fmats.2023.1126933

Influence of NCF architecture on the morphology of forming induced wrinkling

Claudia Jimenez Martin, Vincent K. Maes, Turlough McMahon, James Kratz^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article (Academic Journal) › peer-review

2 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Biaxial Non-Crimp Fabrics (NCFs) offer the high deposition rates needed to meet the increased production rate targets of the aerospace industry, but formability remains an issue for complex parts. In this study a large scale, complex geometry with a span of 2 m is used to study wrinkle patterns in NCF preforms and how they are influenced by several key NCF parameters. Wrinkle dimensions are captured in 3D scans and used as a proxy metric for “formability”. Results show that whereas location and shape of the wrinkling are driven by geometry, wrinkle size and its metrics (amplitude, wavelength, aspect ratio) are driven by the NCF architecture. In addition, conflicting trends on wrinkle size observed show the complexity of forming as a process. The results presented show the importance of using several characterisation methods and not reducing wrinkling characterisation to a single data point or set.

Original language	English
Article number	1126933
Journal	Frontiers in Materials
Volume	10
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2023.1126933
Publication status	Published - 17 Feb 2023

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The research presented was supported by the Airbus, part funded by the UK’s Aerospace Technology Institute, and the EPSRC through the Centre for Doctoral Training in Composites Manufacture (EP/L015102/1) and the Programme Grant “Certification for Design—Reshaping the Testing Pyramid” (CerTest, EP/S017038/1). The support received is gratefully acknowledged.

Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2023 Jimenez Martin, Maes, McMahon and Kratz.

Keywords

characterisation
dry fibre process
forming
non-crimp fabric
wrinkles

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10.3389/fmats.2023.1126933Licence: CC BY

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Cite this

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title = "Influence of NCF architecture on the morphology of forming induced wrinkling",

abstract = "Biaxial Non-Crimp Fabrics (NCFs) offer the high deposition rates needed to meet the increased production rate targets of the aerospace industry, but formability remains an issue for complex parts. In this study a large scale, complex geometry with a span of 2 m is used to study wrinkle patterns in NCF preforms and how they are influenced by several key NCF parameters. Wrinkle dimensions are captured in 3D scans and used as a proxy metric for “formability”. Results show that whereas location and shape of the wrinkling are driven by geometry, wrinkle size and its metrics (amplitude, wavelength, aspect ratio) are driven by the NCF architecture. In addition, conflicting trends on wrinkle size observed show the complexity of forming as a process. The results presented show the importance of using several characterisation methods and not reducing wrinkling characterisation to a single data point or set.",

keywords = "characterisation, dry fibre process, forming, non-crimp fabric, wrinkles",

author = "\{Jimenez Martin\}, Claudia and Maes, \{Vincent K.\} and Turlough McMahon and James Kratz",

note = "Funding Information: The research presented was supported by the Airbus, part funded by the UK{\textquoteright}s Aerospace Technology Institute, and the EPSRC through the Centre for Doctoral Training in Composites Manufacture (EP/L015102/1) and the Programme Grant “Certification for Design—Reshaping the Testing Pyramid” (CerTest, EP/S017038/1). The support received is gratefully acknowledged. Publisher Copyright: Copyright {\textcopyright} 2023 Jimenez Martin, Maes, McMahon and Kratz.",

year = "2023",

month = feb,

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doi = "10.3389/fmats.2023.1126933",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Influence of NCF architecture on the morphology of forming induced wrinkling

AU - Jimenez Martin, Claudia

AU - Maes, Vincent K.

AU - McMahon, Turlough

AU - Kratz, James

N1 - Funding Information: The research presented was supported by the Airbus, part funded by the UK’s Aerospace Technology Institute, and the EPSRC through the Centre for Doctoral Training in Composites Manufacture (EP/L015102/1) and the Programme Grant “Certification for Design—Reshaping the Testing Pyramid” (CerTest, EP/S017038/1). The support received is gratefully acknowledged. Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2023 Jimenez Martin, Maes, McMahon and Kratz.

PY - 2023/2/17

Y1 - 2023/2/17

N2 - Biaxial Non-Crimp Fabrics (NCFs) offer the high deposition rates needed to meet the increased production rate targets of the aerospace industry, but formability remains an issue for complex parts. In this study a large scale, complex geometry with a span of 2 m is used to study wrinkle patterns in NCF preforms and how they are influenced by several key NCF parameters. Wrinkle dimensions are captured in 3D scans and used as a proxy metric for “formability”. Results show that whereas location and shape of the wrinkling are driven by geometry, wrinkle size and its metrics (amplitude, wavelength, aspect ratio) are driven by the NCF architecture. In addition, conflicting trends on wrinkle size observed show the complexity of forming as a process. The results presented show the importance of using several characterisation methods and not reducing wrinkling characterisation to a single data point or set.

AB - Biaxial Non-Crimp Fabrics (NCFs) offer the high deposition rates needed to meet the increased production rate targets of the aerospace industry, but formability remains an issue for complex parts. In this study a large scale, complex geometry with a span of 2 m is used to study wrinkle patterns in NCF preforms and how they are influenced by several key NCF parameters. Wrinkle dimensions are captured in 3D scans and used as a proxy metric for “formability”. Results show that whereas location and shape of the wrinkling are driven by geometry, wrinkle size and its metrics (amplitude, wavelength, aspect ratio) are driven by the NCF architecture. In addition, conflicting trends on wrinkle size observed show the complexity of forming as a process. The results presented show the importance of using several characterisation methods and not reducing wrinkling characterisation to a single data point or set.

KW - characterisation

KW - dry fibre process

KW - forming

KW - non-crimp fabric

KW - wrinkles

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85149707438

U2 - 10.3389/fmats.2023.1126933

DO - 10.3389/fmats.2023.1126933

M3 - Article (Academic Journal)

AN - SCOPUS:85149707438

SN - 2296-8016

VL - 10

JO - Frontiers in Materials

JF - Frontiers in Materials

M1 - 1126933

ER -

Influence of NCF architecture on the morphology of forming induced wrinkling

Abstract

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CerTest: 8034 - EPSRC EP/S017038/1 - Prof Ole Thomsen CerTest

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Influence of NCF architecture on the morphology of forming induced wrinkling

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Bibliographical note

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CerTest: 8034 - EPSRC EP/S017038/1 - Prof Ole Thomsen CerTest

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