Late inception of a resiliently oxygenated upper ocean

Wanyi Lu; Andy Ridgwell; Ellen Thomas; Dalton S. Hardisty; Genming Luo; Thomas J. Algeo; Matthew R. Saltzman; Benjamin C. Gill; Yanan Shen; Hong Fei Ling; Cole T. Edwards; Michael T. Whalen; Xiaoli Zhou; Kristina M. Gutchess; Li Jin; Rosalind E.M. Rickaby; Hugh C. Jenkyns; Timothy W. Lyons; Timothy M. Lenton; Lee R. Kump; Zunli Lu

doi:10.1126/science.aar5372

Late inception of a resiliently oxygenated upper ocean

Wanyi Lu, Andy Ridgwell, Ellen Thomas, Dalton S. Hardisty, Genming Luo, Thomas J. Algeo, Matthew R. Saltzman, Benjamin C. Gill, Yanan Shen, Hong Fei Ling, Cole T. Edwards, Michael T. Whalen, Xiaoli Zhou, Kristina M. Gutchess, Li Jin, Rosalind E.M. Rickaby, Hugh C. Jenkyns, Timothy W. Lyons, Timothy M. Lenton, Lee R. KumpZunli Lu^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article (Academic Journal) › peer-review

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Abstract

Rising oceanic and atmospheric oxygen levels through time have been crucial to enhanced habitability of surface Earth environments. Few redox proxies can track secular variations in dissolved oxygen concentrations ([O₂]) around threshold levels for metazoan survival in the upper ocean. We present an extensive compilation of iodine to calcium ratios (I/Ca) in marine carbonates. Our record supports a major rise in atmospheric pO₂ at ~400 million years ago (Ma), and reveals a step-change in the oxygenation of the upper ocean to relatively sustainable near-modern conditions at ~200 Ma. An Earth system model demonstrates that a shift in organic matter remineralization to greater depths, which may have been due to increasing size and biomineralization of eukaryotic plankton, likely drove the I/Ca signals at ~200 Ma.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	174-177
Number of pages	4
Journal	Science
Volume	361
Issue number	6398
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aar5372
Publication status	Published - 31 May 2018

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This is the author accepted manuscript (AAM). The final published version (version of record) is available online via American Association for the Advancement of Science at http://science.sciencemag.org/content/361/6398/174 . Please refer to any applicable terms of use of the publisher.
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Lu, W., Ridgwell, A., Thomas, E., Hardisty, D. S., Luo, G., Algeo, T. J., Saltzman, M. R., Gill, B. C., Shen, Y., Ling, H. F., Edwards, C. T., Whalen, M. T., Zhou, X., Gutchess, K. M., Jin, L., Rickaby, R. E. M., Jenkyns, H. C., Lyons, T. W., Lenton, T. M., ... Lu, Z. (2018). Late inception of a resiliently oxygenated upper ocean. Science, 361(6398), 174-177. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aar5372

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title = "Late inception of a resiliently oxygenated upper ocean",

abstract = "Rising oceanic and atmospheric oxygen levels through time have been crucial to enhanced habitability of surface Earth environments. Few redox proxies can track secular variations in dissolved oxygen concentrations ([O2]) around threshold levels for metazoan survival in the upper ocean. We present an extensive compilation of iodine to calcium ratios (I/Ca) in marine carbonates. Our record supports a major rise in atmospheric pO2 at \textasciitilde{}400 million years ago (Ma), and reveals a step-change in the oxygenation of the upper ocean to relatively sustainable near-modern conditions at \textasciitilde{}200 Ma. An Earth system model demonstrates that a shift in organic matter remineralization to greater depths, which may have been due to increasing size and biomineralization of eukaryotic plankton, likely drove the I/Ca signals at \textasciitilde{}200 Ma.",

author = "Wanyi Lu and Andy Ridgwell and Ellen Thomas and Hardisty, \{Dalton S.\} and Genming Luo and Algeo, \{Thomas J.\} and Saltzman, \{Matthew R.\} and Gill, \{Benjamin C.\} and Yanan Shen and Ling, \{Hong Fei\} and Edwards, \{Cole T.\} and Whalen, \{Michael T.\} and Xiaoli Zhou and Gutchess, \{Kristina M.\} and Li Jin and Rickaby, \{Rosalind E.M.\} and Jenkyns, \{Hugh C.\} and Lyons, \{Timothy W.\} and Lenton, \{Timothy M.\} and Kump, \{Lee R.\} and Zunli Lu",

year = "2018",

month = may,

day = "31",

doi = "10.1126/science.aar5372",

language = "English",

volume = "361",

pages = "174--177",

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Lu, W, Ridgwell, A, Thomas, E, Hardisty, DS, Luo, G, Algeo, TJ, Saltzman, MR, Gill, BC, Shen, Y, Ling, HF, Edwards, CT, Whalen, MT, Zhou, X, Gutchess, KM, Jin, L, Rickaby, REM, Jenkyns, HC, Lyons, TW, Lenton, TM, Kump, LR & Lu, Z 2018, 'Late inception of a resiliently oxygenated upper ocean', Science, vol. 361, no. 6398, pp. 174-177. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aar5372

TY - JOUR

T1 - Late inception of a resiliently oxygenated upper ocean

AU - Lu, Wanyi

AU - Ridgwell, Andy

AU - Thomas, Ellen

AU - Hardisty, Dalton S.

AU - Luo, Genming

AU - Algeo, Thomas J.

AU - Saltzman, Matthew R.

AU - Gill, Benjamin C.

AU - Shen, Yanan

AU - Ling, Hong Fei

AU - Edwards, Cole T.

AU - Whalen, Michael T.

AU - Zhou, Xiaoli

AU - Gutchess, Kristina M.

AU - Jin, Li

AU - Rickaby, Rosalind E.M.

AU - Jenkyns, Hugh C.

AU - Lyons, Timothy W.

AU - Lenton, Timothy M.

AU - Kump, Lee R.

AU - Lu, Zunli

PY - 2018/5/31

Y1 - 2018/5/31

N2 - Rising oceanic and atmospheric oxygen levels through time have been crucial to enhanced habitability of surface Earth environments. Few redox proxies can track secular variations in dissolved oxygen concentrations ([O2]) around threshold levels for metazoan survival in the upper ocean. We present an extensive compilation of iodine to calcium ratios (I/Ca) in marine carbonates. Our record supports a major rise in atmospheric pO2 at ~400 million years ago (Ma), and reveals a step-change in the oxygenation of the upper ocean to relatively sustainable near-modern conditions at ~200 Ma. An Earth system model demonstrates that a shift in organic matter remineralization to greater depths, which may have been due to increasing size and biomineralization of eukaryotic plankton, likely drove the I/Ca signals at ~200 Ma.

AB - Rising oceanic and atmospheric oxygen levels through time have been crucial to enhanced habitability of surface Earth environments. Few redox proxies can track secular variations in dissolved oxygen concentrations ([O2]) around threshold levels for metazoan survival in the upper ocean. We present an extensive compilation of iodine to calcium ratios (I/Ca) in marine carbonates. Our record supports a major rise in atmospheric pO2 at ~400 million years ago (Ma), and reveals a step-change in the oxygenation of the upper ocean to relatively sustainable near-modern conditions at ~200 Ma. An Earth system model demonstrates that a shift in organic matter remineralization to greater depths, which may have been due to increasing size and biomineralization of eukaryotic plankton, likely drove the I/Ca signals at ~200 Ma.

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DO - 10.1126/science.aar5372

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AN - SCOPUS:85048182504

SN - 0036-8075

VL - 361

SP - 174

EP - 177

JO - Science

JF - Science

IS - 6398

ER -

Late inception of a resiliently oxygenated upper ocean

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MOO: MOlybdenum in the Oceans

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Late inception of a resiliently oxygenated upper ocean

Abstract

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MOO: MOlybdenum in the Oceans

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