Management of anaphylaxis in the emergency setting

Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening emergency that appears to be increasing in frequency. It affects males and females of all ages and ethnic groups. The most common triggers include foods, drugs and venom from stinging insects, although any of a number of other triggers may also be implicated. Death, when it occurs, tends to be due to respiratory and/or cardiovascular compromise, but most of these fatalities can be prevented by appropriate avoidance measures and emergency management. The management of anaphylaxis is hampered by scientific and clinical uncertainty.