Meta-analysis of gene-environment-wide association scans accounting for education level identifies additional loci for refractive error

Qiao Fan; Virginie J M Verhoeven; Robert Wojciechowski; Veluchamy A. Barathi; Pirro G. Hysi; Jeremy A. Guggenheim; René Hohn; Veronique Vitart; Anthony P. Khawaja; Kenji Yamashiro; S. Mohsen Hosseini; Terho Lehtimaki; Yi Lu; Toomas Haller; Jing Xie; Cécile Delcourt; Mario Pirastu; Juho Wedenoja; Puya Gharahkhani; Cristina Venturini; Masahiro Miyake; Alex W. Hewitt; Xiaobo Guo; Johanna Mazur; Jenifer E. Huffman; Katie M. Williams; Ozren Polasek; Harry Campbell; Igor Rudan; Zoran Vatavuk; James F Wilson; Peter K. Joshi; George McMahon; Beate St Pourcain; David M. Evans; Claire L. Simpson; Tae Hwi Schwantes-An; Robert P. Igo; Alireza Mirshahi; Audrey Cougnard-Gregoire; Céline Bellenguez; Maria Blettner; Olli Raitakari; Mika Kahonen; Ilkka Seppala; Tanja Zeller; Thomas Meitinger; Janina S. Ried; Christian Gieger; Laura Portas; Elisabeth M. Van Leeuwen; Najaf Amin; André G. Uitterlinden; Fernando Rivadeneira; Albert Hofman; Johannes R. Vingerling; Ya Xing Wang; Xu Wang; Eileen Tai-Hui Boh; M. Kamran Ikram; Charumathi Sabanayagam; Preeti Gupta; Vincent Tan; Lei Zhou; Candice E H Ho; Wan'E Lim; Roger W. Beuerman; Rosalynn Siantar; E. Shyong Tai; Eranga Vithana; Evelin Mihailov; Chiea Chuen Khor; Caroline Hayward; Robert N. Luben; Paul J. Foster; Barbara E K Klein; Ronald Klein; Hoi Suen Wong; Paul Mitchell; Andres Metspalu; Tin Aung; Terri L. Young; Mingguang He; Olavi Parssinen; Cornelia M. Van Duijn; Jie Jin Wang; Cathy Williams; Jost B. Jonas; Yik Ying Teo; David A. MacKey; Konrad Oexle; Nagahisa Yoshimura; Andrew D. Paterson; Norbert Pfeiffer; Tien Yin Wong; Paul N. Baird; Dwight Stambolian; Joan E Bailey Wilson; Ching-Yu Cheng; Christopher J. Hammond; Caroline C W Klaver; Seang Mei Saw; Jugnoo S. Rahi; Jean François Korobelnik; John P. Kemp; Nicholas J. Timpson; George Davey Smith; Jamie E. Craig; Kathryn P. Burdon; Rhys D. Fogarty; Sudha K. Iyengar; Emily Chew; Sarayut Janmahasatian; Nicholas G. Martin; Stuart MacGregor; Liang Xu; Maria Schache; Vinay Nangia; Songhomitra Panda-Jonas; Alan F Wright; Jeremy R. Fondran; Jonathan H. Lass; Sheng Feng; Jing Hua Zhao; Kay Tee Khaw; Nick J. Wareham; Taina Rantanen; Jaakko Kaprio; Chi Pui Pang; Li Jia Chen; Pancy O. Tam; Vishal Jhanji; Alvin L. Young; Angela Doring; Leslie J. Raffel; Mary Frances Cotch; Xiaohui Li; Shea Ping Yip; Maurice K H Yap; Ginevra Biino; Simona Vaccargiu; Maurizio Fossarello; Brian Fleck; Seyhan Yazar; Jan Willem L Tideman; Milly Tedja; Margaret M. Deangelis; Margaux Morrison; Lindsay Farrer; Xiangtian Zhou; Wei Chen; Nobuhisa Mizuki; Akira Meguro; Kari Matti Makela

doi:10.1038/ncomms11008

Meta-analysis of gene-environment-wide association scans accounting for education level identifies additional loci for refractive error

Qiao Fan, Virginie J M Verhoeven, Robert Wojciechowski, Veluchamy A. Barathi, Pirro G. Hysi, Jeremy A. Guggenheim, René Hohn, Veronique Vitart, Anthony P. Khawaja, Kenji Yamashiro, S. Mohsen Hosseini, Terho Lehtimaki, Yi Lu, Toomas Haller, Jing Xie, Cécile Delcourt, Mario Pirastu, Juho Wedenoja, Puya Gharahkhani, Cristina VenturiniMasahiro Miyake, Alex W. Hewitt, Xiaobo Guo, Johanna Mazur, Jenifer E. Huffman, Katie M. Williams, Ozren Polasek, Harry Campbell, Igor Rudan, Zoran Vatavuk, James F Wilson, Peter K. Joshi, George McMahon, Beate St Pourcain, David M. Evans, Claire L. Simpson, Tae Hwi Schwantes-An, Robert P. Igo, Alireza Mirshahi, Audrey Cougnard-Gregoire, Céline Bellenguez, Maria Blettner, Olli Raitakari, Mika Kahonen, Ilkka Seppala, Tanja Zeller, Thomas Meitinger, Janina S. Ried, Christian Gieger, Laura Portas, Elisabeth M. Van Leeuwen, Najaf Amin, André G. Uitterlinden, Fernando Rivadeneira, Albert Hofman, Johannes R. Vingerling, Ya Xing Wang, Xu Wang, Eileen Tai-Hui Boh, M. Kamran Ikram, Charumathi Sabanayagam, Preeti Gupta, Vincent Tan, Lei Zhou, Candice E H Ho, Wan'E Lim, Roger W. Beuerman, Rosalynn Siantar, E. Shyong Tai, Eranga Vithana, Evelin Mihailov, Chiea Chuen Khor, Caroline Hayward, Robert N. Luben, Paul J. Foster, Barbara E K Klein, Ronald Klein, Hoi Suen Wong, Paul Mitchell, Andres Metspalu, Tin Aung, Terri L. Young, Mingguang He, Olavi Parssinen, Cornelia M. Van Duijn, Jie Jin Wang, Cathy Williams, Jost B. Jonas, Yik Ying Teo, David A. MacKey, Konrad Oexle, Nagahisa Yoshimura, Andrew D. Paterson, Norbert Pfeiffer, Tien Yin Wong, Paul N. Baird, Dwight Stambolian, Joan E Bailey Wilson, Ching-Yu Cheng, Christopher J. Hammond, Caroline C W Klaver, Seang Mei Saw^*, Jugnoo S. Rahi, Jean François Korobelnik, John P. Kemp, Nicholas J. Timpson, George Davey Smith, Jamie E. Craig, Kathryn P. Burdon, Rhys D. Fogarty, Sudha K. Iyengar, Emily Chew, Sarayut Janmahasatian, Nicholas G. Martin, Stuart MacGregor, Liang Xu, Maria Schache, Vinay Nangia, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Alan F Wright, Jeremy R. Fondran, Jonathan H. Lass, Sheng Feng, Jing Hua Zhao, Kay Tee Khaw, Nick J. Wareham, Taina Rantanen, Jaakko Kaprio, Chi Pui Pang, Li Jia Chen, Pancy O. Tam, Vishal Jhanji, Alvin L. Young, Angela Doring, Leslie J. Raffel, Mary Frances Cotch, Xiaohui Li, Shea Ping Yip, Maurice K H Yap, Ginevra Biino, Simona Vaccargiu, Maurizio Fossarello, Brian Fleck, Seyhan Yazar, Jan Willem L Tideman, Milly Tedja, Margaret M. Deangelis, Margaux Morrison, Lindsay Farrer, Xiangtian Zhou, Wei Chen, Nobuhisa Mizuki, Akira Meguro, Kari Matti Makela

^*Corresponding author for this work

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Abstract

Myopia is the most common human eye disorder and it results from complex genetic and environmental causes. The rapidly increasing prevalence of myopia poses a major public health challenge. Here, the CREAM consortium performs a joint meta-analysis to test single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) main effects and SNP × education interaction effects on refractive error in 40,036 adults from 25 studies of European ancestry and 10,315 adults from 9 studies of Asian ancestry. In European ancestry individuals, we identify six novel loci (FAM150B-ACP1, LINC00340, FBN1, DIS3L-MAP2K1, ARID2-SNAT1 and SLC14A2) associated with refractive error. In Asian populations, three genome-wide significant loci AREG, GABRR1 and PDE10A also exhibit strong interactions with education (P<8.5x10^-5), whereas the interactions are less evident in Europeans. The discovery of these loci represents an important advance in understanding how gene and environment interactions contribute to the heterogeneity of myopia.

Original language	English
Article number	11008
Number of pages	12
Journal	Nature Communications
Volume	7
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms11008
Publication status	Published - 6 Apr 2016

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Fan, Q., Verhoeven, V. J. M., Wojciechowski, R., Barathi, V. A., Hysi, P. G., Guggenheim, J. A., Hohn, R., Vitart, V., Khawaja, A. P., Yamashiro, K., Hosseini, S. M., Lehtimaki, T., Lu, Y., Haller, T., Xie, J., Delcourt, C., Pirastu, M., Wedenoja, J., Gharahkhani, P., ... Makela, K. M. (2016). Meta-analysis of gene-environment-wide association scans accounting for education level identifies additional loci for refractive error. Nature Communications, 7, Article 11008. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms11008

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title = "Meta-analysis of gene-environment-wide association scans accounting for education level identifies additional loci for refractive error",

abstract = "Myopia is the most common human eye disorder and it results from complex genetic and environmental causes. The rapidly increasing prevalence of myopia poses a major public health challenge. Here, the CREAM consortium performs a joint meta-analysis to test single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) main effects and SNP × education interaction effects on refractive error in 40,036 adults from 25 studies of European ancestry and 10,315 adults from 9 studies of Asian ancestry. In European ancestry individuals, we identify six novel loci (FAM150B-ACP1, LINC00340, FBN1, DIS3L-MAP2K1, ARID2-SNAT1 and SLC14A2) associated with refractive error. In Asian populations, three genome-wide significant loci AREG, GABRR1 and PDE10A also exhibit strong interactions with education (P<8.5x10-5), whereas the interactions are less evident in Europeans. The discovery of these loci represents an important advance in understanding how gene and environment interactions contribute to the heterogeneity of myopia.",

author = "Qiao Fan and Verhoeven, {Virginie J M} and Robert Wojciechowski and Barathi, {Veluchamy A.} and Hysi, {Pirro G.} and Guggenheim, {Jeremy A.} and Ren{\'e} Hohn and Veronique Vitart and Khawaja, {Anthony P.} and Kenji Yamashiro and Hosseini, {S. Mohsen} and Terho Lehtimaki and Yi Lu and Toomas Haller and Jing Xie and C{\'e}cile Delcourt and Mario Pirastu and Juho Wedenoja and Puya Gharahkhani and Cristina Venturini and Masahiro Miyake and Hewitt, {Alex W.} and Xiaobo Guo and Johanna Mazur and Huffman, {Jenifer E.} and Williams, {Katie M.} and Ozren Polasek and Harry Campbell and Igor Rudan and Zoran Vatavuk and Wilson, {James F} and Joshi, {Peter K.} and George McMahon and {St Pourcain}, Beate and Evans, {David M.} and Simpson, {Claire L.} and Schwantes-An, {Tae Hwi} and Igo, {Robert P.} and Alireza Mirshahi and Audrey Cougnard-Gregoire and C{\'e}line Bellenguez and Maria Blettner and Olli Raitakari and Mika Kahonen and Ilkka Seppala and Tanja Zeller and Thomas Meitinger and Ried, {Janina S.} and Christian Gieger and Laura Portas and {Van Leeuwen}, {Elisabeth M.} and Najaf Amin and Uitterlinden, {Andr{\'e} G.} and Fernando Rivadeneira and Albert Hofman and Vingerling, {Johannes R.} and Wang, {Ya Xing} and Xu Wang and {Tai-Hui Boh}, Eileen and Ikram, {M. Kamran} and Charumathi Sabanayagam and Preeti Gupta and Vincent Tan and Lei Zhou and Ho, {Candice E H} and Wan'E Lim and Beuerman, {Roger W.} and Rosalynn Siantar and Tai, {E. Shyong} and Eranga Vithana and Evelin Mihailov and Khor, {Chiea Chuen} and Caroline Hayward and Luben, {Robert N.} and Foster, {Paul J.} and Klein, {Barbara E K} and Ronald Klein and Wong, {Hoi Suen} and Paul Mitchell and Andres Metspalu and Tin Aung and Young, {Terri L.} and Mingguang He and Olavi Parssinen and {Van Duijn}, {Cornelia M.} and {Jin Wang}, Jie and Cathy Williams and Jonas, {Jost B.} and Teo, {Yik Ying} and MacKey, {David A.} and Konrad Oexle and Nagahisa Yoshimura and Paterson, {Andrew D.} and Norbert Pfeiffer and Wong, {Tien Yin} and Baird, {Paul N.} and Dwight Stambolian and Wilson, {Joan E Bailey} and Ching-Yu Cheng and Hammond, {Christopher J.} and Klaver, {Caroline C W} and Saw, {Seang Mei} and Rahi, {Jugnoo S.} and Korobelnik, {Jean Fran{\c c}ois} and Kemp, {John P.} and Timpson, {Nicholas J.} and Smith, {George Davey} and Craig, {Jamie E.} and Burdon, {Kathryn P.} and Fogarty, {Rhys D.} and Iyengar, {Sudha K.} and Emily Chew and Sarayut Janmahasatian and Martin, {Nicholas G.} and Stuart MacGregor and Liang Xu and Maria Schache and Vinay Nangia and Songhomitra Panda-Jonas and Wright, {Alan F} and Fondran, {Jeremy R.} and Lass, {Jonathan H.} and Sheng Feng and Zhao, {Jing Hua} and Khaw, {Kay Tee} and Wareham, {Nick J.} and Taina Rantanen and Jaakko Kaprio and Pang, {Chi Pui} and Chen, {Li Jia} and Tam, {Pancy O.} and Vishal Jhanji and Young, {Alvin L.} and Angela Doring and Raffel, {Leslie J.} and Cotch, {Mary Frances} and Xiaohui Li and Yip, {Shea Ping} and Yap, {Maurice K H} and Ginevra Biino and Simona Vaccargiu and Maurizio Fossarello and Brian Fleck and Seyhan Yazar and Tideman, {Jan Willem L} and Milly Tedja and Deangelis, {Margaret M.} and Margaux Morrison and Lindsay Farrer and Xiangtian Zhou and Wei Chen and Nobuhisa Mizuki and Akira Meguro and Makela, {Kari Matti}",

year = "2016",

month = apr,

day = "6",

doi = "10.1038/ncomms11008",

language = "English",

volume = "7",

journal = "Nature Communications",

issn = "2041-1723",

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}

Fan, Q, Verhoeven, VJM, Wojciechowski, R, Barathi, VA, Hysi, PG, Guggenheim, JA, Hohn, R, Vitart, V, Khawaja, AP, Yamashiro, K, Hosseini, SM, Lehtimaki, T, Lu, Y, Haller, T, Xie, J, Delcourt, C, Pirastu, M, Wedenoja, J, Gharahkhani, P, Venturini, C, Miyake, M, Hewitt, AW, Guo, X, Mazur, J, Huffman, JE, Williams, KM, Polasek, O, Campbell, H, Rudan, I, Vatavuk, Z, Wilson, JF, Joshi, PK, McMahon, G, St Pourcain, B, Evans, DM, Simpson, CL, Schwantes-An, TH, Igo, RP, Mirshahi, A, Cougnard-Gregoire, A, Bellenguez, C, Blettner, M, Raitakari, O, Kahonen, M, Seppala, I, Zeller, T, Meitinger, T, Ried, JS, Gieger, C, Portas, L, Van Leeuwen, EM, Amin, N, Uitterlinden, AG, Rivadeneira, F, Hofman, A, Vingerling, JR, Wang, YX, Wang, X, Tai-Hui Boh, E, Ikram, MK, Sabanayagam, C, Gupta, P, Tan, V, Zhou, L, Ho, CEH, Lim, WE, Beuerman, RW, Siantar, R, Tai, ES, Vithana, E, Mihailov, E, Khor, CC, Hayward, C, Luben, RN, Foster, PJ, Klein, BEK, Klein, R, Wong, HS, Mitchell, P, Metspalu, A, Aung, T, Young, TL, He, M, Parssinen, O, Van Duijn, CM, Jin Wang, J, Williams, C, Jonas, JB, Teo, YY, MacKey, DA, Oexle, K, Yoshimura, N, Paterson, AD, Pfeiffer, N, Wong, TY, Baird, PN, Stambolian, D, Wilson, JEB, Cheng, C-Y, Hammond, CJ, Klaver, CCW, Saw, SM, Rahi, JS, Korobelnik, JF, Kemp, JP, Timpson, NJ , Smith, GD, Craig, JE, Burdon, KP, Fogarty, RD, Iyengar, SK, Chew, E, Janmahasatian, S, Martin, NG, MacGregor, S, Xu, L, Schache, M, Nangia, V, Panda-Jonas, S, Wright, AF, Fondran, JR, Lass, JH, Feng, S, Zhao, JH, Khaw, KT, Wareham, NJ, Rantanen, T, Kaprio, J, Pang, CP, Chen, LJ, Tam, PO, Jhanji, V, Young, AL, Doring, A, Raffel, LJ, Cotch, MF, Li, X, Yip, SP, Yap, MKH, Biino, G, Vaccargiu, S, Fossarello, M, Fleck, B, Yazar, S, Tideman, JWL, Tedja, M, Deangelis, MM, Morrison, M, Farrer, L, Zhou, X, Chen, W, Mizuki, N, Meguro, A & Makela, KM 2016, 'Meta-analysis of gene-environment-wide association scans accounting for education level identifies additional loci for refractive error', Nature Communications, vol. 7, 11008. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms11008

TY - JOUR

T1 - Meta-analysis of gene-environment-wide association scans accounting for education level identifies additional loci for refractive error

AU - Fan, Qiao

AU - Verhoeven, Virginie J M

AU - Wojciechowski, Robert

AU - Barathi, Veluchamy A.

AU - Hysi, Pirro G.

AU - Guggenheim, Jeremy A.

AU - Hohn, René

AU - Vitart, Veronique

AU - Khawaja, Anthony P.

AU - Yamashiro, Kenji

AU - Hosseini, S. Mohsen

AU - Lehtimaki, Terho

AU - Lu, Yi

AU - Haller, Toomas

AU - Xie, Jing

AU - Delcourt, Cécile

AU - Pirastu, Mario

AU - Wedenoja, Juho

AU - Gharahkhani, Puya

AU - Venturini, Cristina

AU - Miyake, Masahiro

AU - Hewitt, Alex W.

AU - Guo, Xiaobo

AU - Mazur, Johanna

AU - Huffman, Jenifer E.

AU - Williams, Katie M.

AU - Polasek, Ozren

AU - Campbell, Harry

AU - Rudan, Igor

AU - Vatavuk, Zoran

AU - Wilson, James F

AU - Joshi, Peter K.

AU - McMahon, George

AU - St Pourcain, Beate

AU - Evans, David M.

AU - Simpson, Claire L.

AU - Schwantes-An, Tae Hwi

AU - Igo, Robert P.

AU - Mirshahi, Alireza

AU - Cougnard-Gregoire, Audrey

AU - Bellenguez, Céline

AU - Blettner, Maria

AU - Raitakari, Olli

AU - Kahonen, Mika

AU - Seppala, Ilkka

AU - Zeller, Tanja

AU - Meitinger, Thomas

AU - Ried, Janina S.

AU - Gieger, Christian

AU - Portas, Laura

AU - Van Leeuwen, Elisabeth M.

AU - Amin, Najaf

AU - Uitterlinden, André G.

AU - Rivadeneira, Fernando

AU - Hofman, Albert

AU - Vingerling, Johannes R.

AU - Wang, Ya Xing

AU - Wang, Xu

AU - Tai-Hui Boh, Eileen

AU - Ikram, M. Kamran

AU - Sabanayagam, Charumathi

AU - Gupta, Preeti

AU - Tan, Vincent

AU - Zhou, Lei

AU - Ho, Candice E H

AU - Lim, Wan'E

AU - Beuerman, Roger W.

AU - Siantar, Rosalynn

AU - Tai, E. Shyong

AU - Vithana, Eranga

AU - Mihailov, Evelin

AU - Khor, Chiea Chuen

AU - Hayward, Caroline

AU - Luben, Robert N.

AU - Foster, Paul J.

AU - Klein, Barbara E K

AU - Klein, Ronald

AU - Wong, Hoi Suen

AU - Mitchell, Paul

AU - Metspalu, Andres

AU - Aung, Tin

AU - Young, Terri L.

AU - He, Mingguang

AU - Parssinen, Olavi

AU - Van Duijn, Cornelia M.

AU - Jin Wang, Jie

AU - Williams, Cathy

AU - Jonas, Jost B.

AU - Teo, Yik Ying

AU - MacKey, David A.

AU - Oexle, Konrad

AU - Yoshimura, Nagahisa

AU - Paterson, Andrew D.

AU - Pfeiffer, Norbert

AU - Wong, Tien Yin

AU - Baird, Paul N.

AU - Stambolian, Dwight

AU - Wilson, Joan E Bailey

AU - Cheng, Ching-Yu

AU - Hammond, Christopher J.

AU - Klaver, Caroline C W

AU - Saw, Seang Mei

AU - Rahi, Jugnoo S.

AU - Korobelnik, Jean François

AU - Kemp, John P.

AU - Timpson, Nicholas J.

AU - Smith, George Davey

AU - Craig, Jamie E.

AU - Burdon, Kathryn P.

AU - Fogarty, Rhys D.

AU - Iyengar, Sudha K.

AU - Chew, Emily

AU - Janmahasatian, Sarayut

AU - Martin, Nicholas G.

AU - MacGregor, Stuart

AU - Xu, Liang

AU - Schache, Maria

AU - Nangia, Vinay

AU - Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra

AU - Wright, Alan F

AU - Fondran, Jeremy R.

AU - Lass, Jonathan H.

AU - Feng, Sheng

AU - Zhao, Jing Hua

AU - Khaw, Kay Tee

AU - Wareham, Nick J.

AU - Rantanen, Taina

AU - Kaprio, Jaakko

AU - Pang, Chi Pui

AU - Chen, Li Jia

AU - Tam, Pancy O.

AU - Jhanji, Vishal

AU - Young, Alvin L.

AU - Doring, Angela

AU - Raffel, Leslie J.

AU - Cotch, Mary Frances

AU - Li, Xiaohui

AU - Yip, Shea Ping

AU - Yap, Maurice K H

AU - Biino, Ginevra

AU - Vaccargiu, Simona

AU - Fossarello, Maurizio

AU - Fleck, Brian

AU - Yazar, Seyhan

AU - Tideman, Jan Willem L

AU - Tedja, Milly

AU - Deangelis, Margaret M.

AU - Morrison, Margaux

AU - Farrer, Lindsay

AU - Zhou, Xiangtian

AU - Chen, Wei

AU - Mizuki, Nobuhisa

AU - Meguro, Akira

AU - Makela, Kari Matti

PY - 2016/4/6

Y1 - 2016/4/6

N2 - Myopia is the most common human eye disorder and it results from complex genetic and environmental causes. The rapidly increasing prevalence of myopia poses a major public health challenge. Here, the CREAM consortium performs a joint meta-analysis to test single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) main effects and SNP × education interaction effects on refractive error in 40,036 adults from 25 studies of European ancestry and 10,315 adults from 9 studies of Asian ancestry. In European ancestry individuals, we identify six novel loci (FAM150B-ACP1, LINC00340, FBN1, DIS3L-MAP2K1, ARID2-SNAT1 and SLC14A2) associated with refractive error. In Asian populations, three genome-wide significant loci AREG, GABRR1 and PDE10A also exhibit strong interactions with education (P<8.5x10-5), whereas the interactions are less evident in Europeans. The discovery of these loci represents an important advance in understanding how gene and environment interactions contribute to the heterogeneity of myopia.

AB - Myopia is the most common human eye disorder and it results from complex genetic and environmental causes. The rapidly increasing prevalence of myopia poses a major public health challenge. Here, the CREAM consortium performs a joint meta-analysis to test single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) main effects and SNP × education interaction effects on refractive error in 40,036 adults from 25 studies of European ancestry and 10,315 adults from 9 studies of Asian ancestry. In European ancestry individuals, we identify six novel loci (FAM150B-ACP1, LINC00340, FBN1, DIS3L-MAP2K1, ARID2-SNAT1 and SLC14A2) associated with refractive error. In Asian populations, three genome-wide significant loci AREG, GABRR1 and PDE10A also exhibit strong interactions with education (P<8.5x10-5), whereas the interactions are less evident in Europeans. The discovery of these loci represents an important advance in understanding how gene and environment interactions contribute to the heterogeneity of myopia.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84962655499&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1038/ncomms11008

DO - 10.1038/ncomms11008

M3 - Article (Academic Journal)

C2 - 27020472

AN - SCOPUS:84962655499

SN - 2041-1723

VL - 7

JO - Nature Communications

JF - Nature Communications

M1 - 11008

ER -

Meta-analysis of gene-environment-wide association scans accounting for education level identifies additional loci for refractive error

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Meta-analysis of gene-environment-wide association scans accounting for education level identifies additional loci for refractive error

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