Mitigating Packet Loss in Connectionless Bluetooth Low Energy

Evgeny Tsimbalo; Xenofon Fafoutis; Evangelos Mellios; Mo Haghighi; Bo Tan; Geoffrey Hilton; Robert Piechocki; Ian Craddock

doi:10.1109/WF-IoT.2015.7389068

Mitigating Packet Loss in Connectionless Bluetooth Low Energy

Evgeny Tsimbalo, Xenofon Fafoutis, Evangelos Mellios, Mo Haghighi, Bo Tan, Geoffrey Hilton, Robert Piechocki, Ian Craddock

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference Contribution (Conference Proceeding)

6 Citations (Scopus)

266 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate various methods to combat packet loss in a residential communication system based on the Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) standard, focusing on BLE’s connectionless mode (undirected advertising) in which no retransmissions are possible. We start by introducing two orthogonally polarised antennas at the receiver, thus improving the probability of successful reception. This is followed by enabling error correction using redundancy introduced by the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) code of BLE. The CRC error
correction is based on a novel approach of applying iterative decoding algorithms. We then consider a BLE system deployed in a residential environment and utilise the presence of multiple receivers that are necessary to provide coverage. These three techniques come at no cost for the transmitter, thus preserving its energy efficiency. The final technique deals with error control
coding in the application layer, in which some redundancy is added at the transmitter before data is sent to the physical layer. By combining all four methods, a distributed error correction algorithm is developed. Using real BLE packets collected in a typical 2-storey house, it is shown that the designed system can correct 80% of all corrupted packets.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)
Subtitle of host publication	Proceedings of a meeting held 14-16 December 2015, Milan, Italy
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Number of pages	6
ISBN (Electronic)	978-1-5090-0366-2
ISBN (Print)	9781509003679
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/WF-IoT.2015.7389068
Publication status	Published - 14 Dec 2015
Event	2015 IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT) - University of Milan, Milan, Italy Duration: 14 Dec 2015 → 16 Dec 2015

Conference

Conference	2015 IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)
Country	Italy
City	Milan
Period	14/12/15 → 16/12/15

Structured keywords

Digital Health

Keywords

Bluetooth Low Energy
error correction
packet loss

Access to Document

10.1109/WF-IoT.2015.7389068

Full-text PDF (accepted author manuscript)
This is the accepted author manuscript (AAM). The final published version (version of record) is available online via IEEE at http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/WF-IoT.2015.7389068. Please refer to any applicable terms of use of the publisher.
Accepted author manuscript, 1.05 MB

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Projects

1 Finished

SPHERE (EPSRC IRC)

Craddock, I. J., Coyle, D. T., Flach, P. A., Kaleshi, D., Mirmehdi, M., Piechocki, R. J., Stark, B. H., Ascione, R., Ashburn, A. M., Burnett, M. E., Aldamen, D., Gooberman-Hill, R. J. S., Harwin, W. S., Hilton, G., Holderbaum, W., Holley, A. P., Manchester, V. A., Meller, B. J., Stack, E. & Gilchrist, I. D.

1/10/13 → 30/09/18

Project: Research, Parent

Cite this

Tsimbalo, E., Fafoutis, X., Mellios, E., Haghighi, M., Tan, B., Hilton, G., Piechocki, R., & Craddock, I. (2015). Mitigating Packet Loss in Connectionless Bluetooth Low Energy. In Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT): Proceedings of a meeting held 14-16 December 2015, Milan, Italy Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). https://doi.org/10.1109/WF-IoT.2015.7389068

Tsimbalo, Evgeny ; Fafoutis, Xenofon ; Mellios, Evangelos ; Haghighi, Mo ; Tan, Bo ; Hilton, Geoffrey ; Piechocki, Robert ; Craddock, Ian. / Mitigating Packet Loss in Connectionless Bluetooth Low Energy. Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT): Proceedings of a meeting held 14-16 December 2015, Milan, Italy. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2015.

@inproceedings{e42f91194e5d40ae8fb245a10c1096fe,

title = "Mitigating Packet Loss in Connectionless Bluetooth Low Energy",

abstract = "In this paper, we investigate various methods to combat packet loss in a residential communication system based on the Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) standard, focusing on BLE{\textquoteright}s connectionless mode (undirected advertising) in which no retransmissions are possible. We start by introducing two orthogonally polarised antennas at the receiver, thus improving the probability of successful reception. This is followed by enabling error correction using redundancy introduced by the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) code of BLE. The CRC errorcorrection is based on a novel approach of applying iterative decoding algorithms. We then consider a BLE system deployed in a residential environment and utilise the presence of multiple receivers that are necessary to provide coverage. These three techniques come at no cost for the transmitter, thus preserving its energy efficiency. The final technique deals with error controlcoding in the application layer, in which some redundancy is added at the transmitter before data is sent to the physical layer. By combining all four methods, a distributed error correction algorithm is developed. Using real BLE packets collected in a typical 2-storey house, it is shown that the designed system can correct 80% of all corrupted packets.",

keywords = "Bluetooth Low Energy, error correction, packet loss",

author = "Evgeny Tsimbalo and Xenofon Fafoutis and Evangelos Mellios and Mo Haghighi and Bo Tan and Geoffrey Hilton and Robert Piechocki and Ian Craddock",

year = "2015",

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booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)",

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Tsimbalo, E, Fafoutis, X, Mellios, E, Haghighi, M, Tan, B, Hilton, G , Piechocki, R & Craddock, I 2015, Mitigating Packet Loss in Connectionless Bluetooth Low Energy. in Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT): Proceedings of a meeting held 14-16 December 2015, Milan, Italy. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2015 IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT), Milan, Italy, 14/12/15. https://doi.org/10.1109/WF-IoT.2015.7389068

Mitigating Packet Loss in Connectionless Bluetooth Low Energy. / Tsimbalo, Evgeny; Fafoutis, Xenofon; Mellios, Evangelos; Haghighi, Mo; Tan, Bo; Hilton, Geoffrey ; Piechocki, Robert ; Craddock, Ian.

Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT): Proceedings of a meeting held 14-16 December 2015, Milan, Italy. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2015.

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference Contribution (Conference Proceeding)

TY - GEN

T1 - Mitigating Packet Loss in Connectionless Bluetooth Low Energy

AU - Tsimbalo, Evgeny

AU - Fafoutis, Xenofon

AU - Mellios, Evangelos

AU - Haghighi, Mo

AU - Tan, Bo

AU - Hilton, Geoffrey

AU - Piechocki, Robert

AU - Craddock, Ian

PY - 2015/12/14

Y1 - 2015/12/14

N2 - In this paper, we investigate various methods to combat packet loss in a residential communication system based on the Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) standard, focusing on BLE’s connectionless mode (undirected advertising) in which no retransmissions are possible. We start by introducing two orthogonally polarised antennas at the receiver, thus improving the probability of successful reception. This is followed by enabling error correction using redundancy introduced by the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) code of BLE. The CRC errorcorrection is based on a novel approach of applying iterative decoding algorithms. We then consider a BLE system deployed in a residential environment and utilise the presence of multiple receivers that are necessary to provide coverage. These three techniques come at no cost for the transmitter, thus preserving its energy efficiency. The final technique deals with error controlcoding in the application layer, in which some redundancy is added at the transmitter before data is sent to the physical layer. By combining all four methods, a distributed error correction algorithm is developed. Using real BLE packets collected in a typical 2-storey house, it is shown that the designed system can correct 80% of all corrupted packets.

AB - In this paper, we investigate various methods to combat packet loss in a residential communication system based on the Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) standard, focusing on BLE’s connectionless mode (undirected advertising) in which no retransmissions are possible. We start by introducing two orthogonally polarised antennas at the receiver, thus improving the probability of successful reception. This is followed by enabling error correction using redundancy introduced by the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) code of BLE. The CRC errorcorrection is based on a novel approach of applying iterative decoding algorithms. We then consider a BLE system deployed in a residential environment and utilise the presence of multiple receivers that are necessary to provide coverage. These three techniques come at no cost for the transmitter, thus preserving its energy efficiency. The final technique deals with error controlcoding in the application layer, in which some redundancy is added at the transmitter before data is sent to the physical layer. By combining all four methods, a distributed error correction algorithm is developed. Using real BLE packets collected in a typical 2-storey house, it is shown that the designed system can correct 80% of all corrupted packets.

KW - Bluetooth Low Energy

KW - error correction

KW - packet loss

U2 - 10.1109/WF-IoT.2015.7389068

DO - 10.1109/WF-IoT.2015.7389068

M3 - Conference Contribution (Conference Proceeding)

SN - 9781509003679

BT - Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)

PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

T2 - 2015 IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)

Y2 - 14 December 2015 through 16 December 2015

ER -

Tsimbalo E, Fafoutis X, Mellios E, Haghighi M, Tan B, Hilton G et al. Mitigating Packet Loss in Connectionless Bluetooth Low Energy. In Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT): Proceedings of a meeting held 14-16 December 2015, Milan, Italy. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). 2015 https://doi.org/10.1109/WF-IoT.2015.7389068