Multiscale modelling of laminated composite structures with defects and features

In this chapter, the challenges associated with modelling laminated composites with defects and feature is discussed. Next, a multi-scale modelling framework for dealing with presence of defects and features on the structural scale is introduced. The goal is to capture the effect of layup, defects, and features without having to model them explicitly in the structural model. Additionally, it is important to capture the non-linear material behavior resulting from the inter/intra-ply damage and its relation to the stress-state. The proposed framework divides the response of a composite structure into two stages. The first stage is concerned with predicting the stiffness on the macro-scale. The second stage covers damage initiation and progression on the macro-scale. For both stages of the framework, a database of Representative Volume Elements (RVE) models of the laminated composites with embedded defects and features is built to cover the complete composite design space. The responses from the RVE models are homogenized to generate equivalent stress-strain curves which form the foundation for both stages of the multi-scale framework.