Multivariate Statistical Analysis and Geospatial Mapping for Assessing Groundwater Quality in West El Minia District, Egypt

Esam Ismail; Moustafa Gamal  Snousy; Dimitros Alexakis; Dimitra Gamvroula; Guy Howard; Esam El Sayed; Mohamed Ahmed; Ahmed Ali; Ahmed Abdelhalim

doi:10.3390/w15162909

Multivariate Statistical Analysis and Geospatial Mapping for Assessing Groundwater Quality in West El Minia District, Egypt

Esam Ismail, Moustafa Gamal Snousy, Dimitros Alexakis^*, Dimitra Gamvroula, Guy Howard, Esam El Sayed, Mohamed Ahmed, Ahmed Ali, Ahmed Abdelhalim

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article (Academic Journal) › peer-review

7 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The primary goal of this study is to analyze the hydrogeochemical properties and assess the groundwater quality for drinking, domestic, and irrigation purposes in West El Minia, Egypt. Major components were determined in 49 groundwater samples to evaluate water quality in the study area. Principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), geostatistics, and spatial mapping were used to identify the chemical components and processes that influence groundwater quality and highlight areas of health risks. According to the TDS values, about 22% of the groundwater samples are suitable for drinking. Due to the elevated values of hardness in the examined water, none of the water samples are suitable for use in a household. The majority of groundwater samples are acceptable for irrigation based on the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), Kelley ratio (KR), magnesium hazard (MH), and permeability index, and some can be adequately treated. The study indicated that different groundwater characteristics (such as TDS, Na+, K+, HCO3−, Cl−, and SO42−) do not comply with WHO requirements in some regions, which may pose a threat to human health.

Original language	English
Article number	2909
Journal	Water
Volume	15
Issue number	16
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/w15162909
Publication status	Published - 12 Aug 2023

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The editor and the anonymous reviewers are thanked for their constructive comments which enhanced the manuscript. This work is funded by Researchers Supporting King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 by the authors.

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Water and Environmental Engineering

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@article{6e521adc300844a3955fbe30eb834924,

title = "Multivariate Statistical Analysis and Geospatial Mapping for Assessing Groundwater Quality in West El Minia District, Egypt",

abstract = "The primary goal of this study is to analyze the hydrogeochemical properties and assess the groundwater quality for drinking, domestic, and irrigation purposes in West El Minia, Egypt. Major components were determined in 49 groundwater samples to evaluate water quality in the study area. Principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), geostatistics, and spatial mapping were used to identify the chemical components and processes that influence groundwater quality and highlight areas of health risks. According to the TDS values, about 22% of the groundwater samples are suitable for drinking. Due to the elevated values of hardness in the examined water, none of the water samples are suitable for use in a household. The majority of groundwater samples are acceptable for irrigation based on the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), Kelley ratio (KR), magnesium hazard (MH), and permeability index, and some can be adequately treated. The study indicated that different groundwater characteristics (such as TDS, Na+, K+, HCO3−, Cl−, and SO42−) do not comply with WHO requirements in some regions, which may pose a threat to human health.",

author = "Esam Ismail and Snousy, {Moustafa Gamal} and Dimitros Alexakis and Dimitra Gamvroula and Guy Howard and {El Sayed}, Esam and Mohamed Ahmed and Ahmed Ali and Ahmed Abdelhalim",

note = "Funding Information: The editor and the anonymous reviewers are thanked for their constructive comments which enhanced the manuscript. This work is funded by Researchers Supporting King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 by the authors.",

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T1 - Multivariate Statistical Analysis and Geospatial Mapping for Assessing Groundwater Quality in West El Minia District, Egypt

AU - Ismail, Esam

AU - Snousy, Moustafa Gamal

AU - Alexakis, Dimitros

AU - Gamvroula, Dimitra

AU - Howard, Guy

AU - El Sayed, Esam

AU - Ahmed, Mohamed

AU - Ali, Ahmed

AU - Abdelhalim, Ahmed

N1 - Funding Information: The editor and the anonymous reviewers are thanked for their constructive comments which enhanced the manuscript. This work is funded by Researchers Supporting King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 by the authors.

PY - 2023/8/12

Y1 - 2023/8/12

N2 - The primary goal of this study is to analyze the hydrogeochemical properties and assess the groundwater quality for drinking, domestic, and irrigation purposes in West El Minia, Egypt. Major components were determined in 49 groundwater samples to evaluate water quality in the study area. Principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), geostatistics, and spatial mapping were used to identify the chemical components and processes that influence groundwater quality and highlight areas of health risks. According to the TDS values, about 22% of the groundwater samples are suitable for drinking. Due to the elevated values of hardness in the examined water, none of the water samples are suitable for use in a household. The majority of groundwater samples are acceptable for irrigation based on the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), Kelley ratio (KR), magnesium hazard (MH), and permeability index, and some can be adequately treated. The study indicated that different groundwater characteristics (such as TDS, Na+, K+, HCO3−, Cl−, and SO42−) do not comply with WHO requirements in some regions, which may pose a threat to human health.

AB - The primary goal of this study is to analyze the hydrogeochemical properties and assess the groundwater quality for drinking, domestic, and irrigation purposes in West El Minia, Egypt. Major components were determined in 49 groundwater samples to evaluate water quality in the study area. Principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), geostatistics, and spatial mapping were used to identify the chemical components and processes that influence groundwater quality and highlight areas of health risks. According to the TDS values, about 22% of the groundwater samples are suitable for drinking. Due to the elevated values of hardness in the examined water, none of the water samples are suitable for use in a household. The majority of groundwater samples are acceptable for irrigation based on the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), Kelley ratio (KR), magnesium hazard (MH), and permeability index, and some can be adequately treated. The study indicated that different groundwater characteristics (such as TDS, Na+, K+, HCO3−, Cl−, and SO42−) do not comply with WHO requirements in some regions, which may pose a threat to human health.

U2 - 10.3390/w15162909

DO - 10.3390/w15162909

M3 - Article (Academic Journal)

SN - 2073-4441

VL - 15

JO - Water

JF - Water

IS - 16

M1 - 2909

ER -

Multivariate Statistical Analysis and Geospatial Mapping for Assessing Groundwater Quality in West El Minia District, Egypt

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