Newly formed craters on Mars located using seismic and acoustic wave data from InSight

Raphael Garcia; Ingrid Daubar; Eric Beucler; Liliya Posiolova; Gareth S. Collins; Philippe Lognonné; Nicholas A  Teanby; Anna C Horleston; et al

doi:10.1038/s41561-022-01014-0

Newly formed craters on Mars located using seismic and acoustic wave data from InSight

Raphael Garcia^*, Ingrid Daubar, Eric Beucler, Liliya Posiolova, Gareth S. Collins, Philippe Lognonné, Nicholas A Teanby, Anna C Horleston, et al

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article (Academic Journal) › peer-review

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45 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Meteoroid impacts shape planetary surfaces by forming new craters and alter atmospheric composition. During atmospheric entry and impact on the ground, meteoroids excite transient acoustic and seismic waves. However, new crater formation and the associated impact-induced mechanical waves have yet to be observed jointly beyond Earth. Here we report observations of seismic and acoustic waves from the NASA InSight lander’s seismometer that we link to four meteoroid impact events on Mars observed in spacecraft imagery. We analysed arrival times and polarization of seismic and acoustic waves to estimate impact locations, which were subsequently confirmed by orbital imaging of the associated craters. Crater dimensions and estimates of meteoroid trajectories are consistent with waveform modelling of the recorded seismograms. With identified seismic sources, the seismic waves can be used to constrain the structure of the Martian interior, corroborating previous crustal structure models, and constrain scaling relationships between the distance and amplitude of impact-generated seismic waves on Mars, supporting a link between the seismic moment of impacts and the vertical impactor momentum. Our findings demonstrate the capability of planetary seismology to identify impact-generated seismic sources and constrain both impact processes and planetary interiors.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	774–780
Number of pages	7
Journal	Nature Geoscience
Volume	15
Issue number	10
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-022-01014-0
Publication status	Published - 19 Sept 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This study is InSight contribution number 241 and LA-UR-22-25144. The French authors acknowledge the French Space Agency CNES and ANR (ANR-14-CE36-0012-02 and ANR-19-CE31-0008-08) for funding the InSight Science analysis. I.J.D. was supported by NASA grant 80NSSC20K0971. P.L., Z.X., S.M., M.F., T.K. and M. Plasman acknowledge IdEx Université de Paris ANR-18-IDEX-0001. N.W. and G.S.C. are funded by the UK Space Agency (Grants ST/S001514/1 and ST/T002026/1). N.A.T. and A.H. are funded by the UK Space Agency (grants ST/R002096/1 and ST/W002523/1). M.F. is funded by the Center for Space and Earth Science of Los Alamos National Laboratory. S.C.S., N.L.D., C.D. and G.Z., acknowledge support from ETHZ through the ETH+ funding scheme (ETH+2 19-1: ‘Planet MARS’). A.R., K.M., E.K.S. and T.N. are funded by the Australian Research Council (DE180100584, DP180100661 and DP180100661). W.B.B., M. Panning, and L. Martire were supported by the NASA InSight mission and funds from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (grant 80NM0018D0004). N.C.S. was supported by funds from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (grant 80NSSC18K1628). The authors thank CALMIP (Toulouse, France, project #p1404) computing centre for HPC resources. We acknowledge NASA, CNES, their partner agencies and institutions (UKSA, SSO, DLR, JPL, IPGP-CNRS, ETHZ, IC and MPS-MPG) and the flight operations team at JPL, SISMOC, MSDS, IRIS-DMC and PDS for providing SEED SEIS data. We are grateful to the CTX and HiRISE operations teams who planned and acquired the orbital images of the new impacts.

Funding Information:
This study is InSight contribution number 241 and LA-UR-22-25144. The French authors acknowledge the French Space Agency CNES and ANR (ANR-14-CE36-0012-02 and ANR-19-CE31-0008-08) for funding the InSight Science analysis. I.J.D. was supported by NASA grant 80NSSC20K0971. P.L., Z.X., S.M., M.F., T.K. and M. Plasman acknowledge IdEx Université de Paris ANR-18-IDEX-0001. N.W. and G.S.C. are funded by the UK Space Agency (Grants ST/S001514/1 and ST/T002026/1). N.A.T. and A.H. are funded by the UK Space Agency (grants ST/R002096/1 and ST/W002523/1). M.F. is funded by the Center for Space and Earth Science of Los Alamos National Laboratory. S.C.S., N.L.D., C.D. and G.Z., acknowledge support from ETHZ through the ETH+ funding scheme (ETH+2 19-1: ‘Planet MARS’). A.R., K.M., E.K.S. and T.N. are funded by the Australian Research Council (DE180100584, DP180100661 and DP180100661). W.B.B., M. Panning, and L. Martire were supported by the NASA InSight mission and funds from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (grant 80NM0018D0004). N.C.S. was supported by funds from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (grant 80NSSC18K1628). The authors thank CALMIP (Toulouse, France, project #p1404) computing centre for HPC resources. We acknowledge NASA, CNES, their partner agencies and institutions (UKSA, SSO, DLR, JPL, IPGP-CNRS, ETHZ, IC and MPS-MPG) and the flight operations team at JPL, SISMOC, MSDS, IRIS-DMC and PDS for providing SEED SEIS data. We are grateful to the CTX and HiRISE operations teams who planned and acquired the orbital images of the new impacts.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.

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Exploring the Seismicity of Mars with InSight (YR2+YR3)
Teanby, N. A. (Principal Investigator)
1/04/22 → 31/03/24
Project: Research
Exploring the Seismicity of Mars with InSight (YR1)
Teanby, N. A. (Principal Investigator)
1/04/21 → 31/03/23
Project: Research
Exploring the Seismicity of Mars with InSight (YR2+YR3)
Teanby, N. A. (Principal Investigator)
1/04/21 → 31/03/22
Project: Research, Parent

Cite this

@article{15cc6dd863ce4d23a9a858ed64f679c1,

title = "Newly formed craters on Mars located using seismic and acoustic wave data from InSight",

abstract = "Meteoroid impacts shape planetary surfaces by forming new craters and alter atmospheric composition. During atmospheric entry and impact on the ground, meteoroids excite transient acoustic and seismic waves. However, new crater formation and the associated impact-induced mechanical waves have yet to be observed jointly beyond Earth. Here we report observations of seismic and acoustic waves from the NASA InSight lander{\textquoteright}s seismometer that we link to four meteoroid impact events on Mars observed in spacecraft imagery. We analysed arrival times and polarization of seismic and acoustic waves to estimate impact locations, which were subsequently confirmed by orbital imaging of the associated craters. Crater dimensions and estimates of meteoroid trajectories are consistent with waveform modelling of the recorded seismograms. With identified seismic sources, the seismic waves can be used to constrain the structure of the Martian interior, corroborating previous crustal structure models, and constrain scaling relationships between the distance and amplitude of impact-generated seismic waves on Mars, supporting a link between the seismic moment of impacts and the vertical impactor momentum. Our findings demonstrate the capability of planetary seismology to identify impact-generated seismic sources and constrain both impact processes and planetary interiors.",

author = "Raphael Garcia and Ingrid Daubar and Eric Beucler and Liliya Posiolova and Collins, {Gareth S.} and Philippe Lognonn{\'e} and Teanby, {Nicholas A} and Horleston, {Anna C} and et al",

note = "Funding Information: This study is InSight contribution number 241 and LA-UR-22-25144. The French authors acknowledge the French Space Agency CNES and ANR (ANR-14-CE36-0012-02 and ANR-19-CE31-0008-08) for funding the InSight Science analysis. I.J.D. was supported by NASA grant 80NSSC20K0971. P.L., Z.X., S.M., M.F., T.K. and M. Plasman acknowledge IdEx Universit{\'e} de Paris ANR-18-IDEX-0001. N.W. and G.S.C. are funded by the UK Space Agency (Grants ST/S001514/1 and ST/T002026/1). N.A.T. and A.H. are funded by the UK Space Agency (grants ST/R002096/1 and ST/W002523/1). M.F. is funded by the Center for Space and Earth Science of Los Alamos National Laboratory. S.C.S., N.L.D., C.D. and G.Z., acknowledge support from ETHZ through the ETH+ funding scheme (ETH+2 19-1: {\textquoteleft}Planet MARS{\textquoteright}). A.R., K.M., E.K.S. and T.N. are funded by the Australian Research Council (DE180100584, DP180100661 and DP180100661). W.B.B., M. Panning, and L. Martire were supported by the NASA InSight mission and funds from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (grant 80NM0018D0004). N.C.S. was supported by funds from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (grant 80NSSC18K1628). The authors thank CALMIP (Toulouse, France, project #p1404) computing centre for HPC resources. We acknowledge NASA, CNES, their partner agencies and institutions (UKSA, SSO, DLR, JPL, IPGP-CNRS, ETHZ, IC and MPS-MPG) and the flight operations team at JPL, SISMOC, MSDS, IRIS-DMC and PDS for providing SEED SEIS data. We are grateful to the CTX and HiRISE operations teams who planned and acquired the orbital images of the new impacts. Funding Information: This study is InSight contribution number 241 and LA-UR-22-25144. The French authors acknowledge the French Space Agency CNES and ANR (ANR-14-CE36-0012-02 and ANR-19-CE31-0008-08) for funding the InSight Science analysis. I.J.D. was supported by NASA grant 80NSSC20K0971. P.L., Z.X., S.M., M.F., T.K. and M. Plasman acknowledge IdEx Universit{\'e} de Paris ANR-18-IDEX-0001. N.W. and G.S.C. are funded by the UK Space Agency (Grants ST/S001514/1 and ST/T002026/1). N.A.T. and A.H. are funded by the UK Space Agency (grants ST/R002096/1 and ST/W002523/1). M.F. is funded by the Center for Space and Earth Science of Los Alamos National Laboratory. S.C.S., N.L.D., C.D. and G.Z., acknowledge support from ETHZ through the ETH+ funding scheme (ETH+2 19-1: {\textquoteleft}Planet MARS{\textquoteright}). A.R., K.M., E.K.S. and T.N. are funded by the Australian Research Council (DE180100584, DP180100661 and DP180100661). W.B.B., M. Panning, and L. Martire were supported by the NASA InSight mission and funds from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (grant 80NM0018D0004). N.C.S. was supported by funds from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (grant 80NSSC18K1628). The authors thank CALMIP (Toulouse, France, project #p1404) computing centre for HPC resources. We acknowledge NASA, CNES, their partner agencies and institutions (UKSA, SSO, DLR, JPL, IPGP-CNRS, ETHZ, IC and MPS-MPG) and the flight operations team at JPL, SISMOC, MSDS, IRIS-DMC and PDS for providing SEED SEIS data. We are grateful to the CTX and HiRISE operations teams who planned and acquired the orbital images of the new impacts. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.",

year = "2022",

month = sep,

day = "19",

doi = "10.1038/s41561-022-01014-0",

language = "English",

volume = "15",

pages = "774–780",

journal = "Nature Geoscience",

issn = "1752-0894",

publisher = "Springer Nature",

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T1 - Newly formed craters on Mars located using seismic and acoustic wave data from InSight

AU - Garcia, Raphael

AU - Daubar, Ingrid

AU - Beucler, Eric

AU - Posiolova, Liliya

AU - Collins, Gareth S.

AU - Lognonné, Philippe

AU - Teanby, Nicholas A

AU - Horleston, Anna C

AU - al, et

N1 - Funding Information: This study is InSight contribution number 241 and LA-UR-22-25144. The French authors acknowledge the French Space Agency CNES and ANR (ANR-14-CE36-0012-02 and ANR-19-CE31-0008-08) for funding the InSight Science analysis. I.J.D. was supported by NASA grant 80NSSC20K0971. P.L., Z.X., S.M., M.F., T.K. and M. Plasman acknowledge IdEx Université de Paris ANR-18-IDEX-0001. N.W. and G.S.C. are funded by the UK Space Agency (Grants ST/S001514/1 and ST/T002026/1). N.A.T. and A.H. are funded by the UK Space Agency (grants ST/R002096/1 and ST/W002523/1). M.F. is funded by the Center for Space and Earth Science of Los Alamos National Laboratory. S.C.S., N.L.D., C.D. and G.Z., acknowledge support from ETHZ through the ETH+ funding scheme (ETH+2 19-1: ‘Planet MARS’). A.R., K.M., E.K.S. and T.N. are funded by the Australian Research Council (DE180100584, DP180100661 and DP180100661). W.B.B., M. Panning, and L. Martire were supported by the NASA InSight mission and funds from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (grant 80NM0018D0004). N.C.S. was supported by funds from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (grant 80NSSC18K1628). The authors thank CALMIP (Toulouse, France, project #p1404) computing centre for HPC resources. We acknowledge NASA, CNES, their partner agencies and institutions (UKSA, SSO, DLR, JPL, IPGP-CNRS, ETHZ, IC and MPS-MPG) and the flight operations team at JPL, SISMOC, MSDS, IRIS-DMC and PDS for providing SEED SEIS data. We are grateful to the CTX and HiRISE operations teams who planned and acquired the orbital images of the new impacts. Funding Information: This study is InSight contribution number 241 and LA-UR-22-25144. The French authors acknowledge the French Space Agency CNES and ANR (ANR-14-CE36-0012-02 and ANR-19-CE31-0008-08) for funding the InSight Science analysis. I.J.D. was supported by NASA grant 80NSSC20K0971. P.L., Z.X., S.M., M.F., T.K. and M. Plasman acknowledge IdEx Université de Paris ANR-18-IDEX-0001. N.W. and G.S.C. are funded by the UK Space Agency (Grants ST/S001514/1 and ST/T002026/1). N.A.T. and A.H. are funded by the UK Space Agency (grants ST/R002096/1 and ST/W002523/1). M.F. is funded by the Center for Space and Earth Science of Los Alamos National Laboratory. S.C.S., N.L.D., C.D. and G.Z., acknowledge support from ETHZ through the ETH+ funding scheme (ETH+2 19-1: ‘Planet MARS’). A.R., K.M., E.K.S. and T.N. are funded by the Australian Research Council (DE180100584, DP180100661 and DP180100661). W.B.B., M. Panning, and L. Martire were supported by the NASA InSight mission and funds from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (grant 80NM0018D0004). N.C.S. was supported by funds from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (grant 80NSSC18K1628). The authors thank CALMIP (Toulouse, France, project #p1404) computing centre for HPC resources. We acknowledge NASA, CNES, their partner agencies and institutions (UKSA, SSO, DLR, JPL, IPGP-CNRS, ETHZ, IC and MPS-MPG) and the flight operations team at JPL, SISMOC, MSDS, IRIS-DMC and PDS for providing SEED SEIS data. We are grateful to the CTX and HiRISE operations teams who planned and acquired the orbital images of the new impacts. Publisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.

PY - 2022/9/19

Y1 - 2022/9/19

N2 - Meteoroid impacts shape planetary surfaces by forming new craters and alter atmospheric composition. During atmospheric entry and impact on the ground, meteoroids excite transient acoustic and seismic waves. However, new crater formation and the associated impact-induced mechanical waves have yet to be observed jointly beyond Earth. Here we report observations of seismic and acoustic waves from the NASA InSight lander’s seismometer that we link to four meteoroid impact events on Mars observed in spacecraft imagery. We analysed arrival times and polarization of seismic and acoustic waves to estimate impact locations, which were subsequently confirmed by orbital imaging of the associated craters. Crater dimensions and estimates of meteoroid trajectories are consistent with waveform modelling of the recorded seismograms. With identified seismic sources, the seismic waves can be used to constrain the structure of the Martian interior, corroborating previous crustal structure models, and constrain scaling relationships between the distance and amplitude of impact-generated seismic waves on Mars, supporting a link between the seismic moment of impacts and the vertical impactor momentum. Our findings demonstrate the capability of planetary seismology to identify impact-generated seismic sources and constrain both impact processes and planetary interiors.

AB - Meteoroid impacts shape planetary surfaces by forming new craters and alter atmospheric composition. During atmospheric entry and impact on the ground, meteoroids excite transient acoustic and seismic waves. However, new crater formation and the associated impact-induced mechanical waves have yet to be observed jointly beyond Earth. Here we report observations of seismic and acoustic waves from the NASA InSight lander’s seismometer that we link to four meteoroid impact events on Mars observed in spacecraft imagery. We analysed arrival times and polarization of seismic and acoustic waves to estimate impact locations, which were subsequently confirmed by orbital imaging of the associated craters. Crater dimensions and estimates of meteoroid trajectories are consistent with waveform modelling of the recorded seismograms. With identified seismic sources, the seismic waves can be used to constrain the structure of the Martian interior, corroborating previous crustal structure models, and constrain scaling relationships between the distance and amplitude of impact-generated seismic waves on Mars, supporting a link between the seismic moment of impacts and the vertical impactor momentum. Our findings demonstrate the capability of planetary seismology to identify impact-generated seismic sources and constrain both impact processes and planetary interiors.

U2 - 10.1038/s41561-022-01014-0

DO - 10.1038/s41561-022-01014-0

M3 - Article (Academic Journal)

SN - 1752-0894

VL - 15

SP - 774

EP - 780

JO - Nature Geoscience

JF - Nature Geoscience

IS - 10

ER -

Newly formed craters on Mars located using seismic and acoustic wave data from InSight

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Exploring the Seismicity of Mars with InSight (YR2+YR3)

Exploring the Seismicity of Mars with InSight (YR1)

Exploring the Seismicity of Mars with InSight (YR2+YR3)

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