Observation of the Non-linear Meissner Effect

J. A. Wilcox; M. J. Grant; L. Malone; C. Putzke; D. Kaczorowski; T. Wolf; F. Hardy; C. Meingast; J. G. Analytis; J. -H. Chu; I. R. Fisher; A. Carrington

doi:10.1038/s41467-022-28790-y

Observation of the Non-linear Meissner Effect

J. A. Wilcox, M. J. Grant, L. Malone, C. Putzke, D. Kaczorowski, T. Wolf, F. Hardy, C. Meingast, J. G. Analytis, J. -H. Chu, I. R. Fisher, A. Carrington^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

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Abstract

A long-standing theoretical prediction is that in clean, nodal unconventional superconductors the magnetic penetration depth $\lambda$, at zero temperature, varies linearly with magnetic field. This non-linear Meissner effect is an equally important manifestation of the nodal state as the well studied linear-in-$T$ dependence of $\lambda$, but has never been convincingly experimentally observed. Here we present measurements of the nodal superconductors CeCoIn$_5$ and LaFePO which clearly show this non-linear Meissner effect. We further show how the effect of a small dc magnetic field on $\lambda(T)$ can be used to distinguish gap nodes from non-nodal deep gap minima. Our measurements of KFe$_2$As$_2$ suggest that this material has such a non-nodal state.

Original language	English
Article number	1201
Number of pages	6
Journal	Nature Communications
Volume	13
Issue number	1
Early online date	7 Mar 2022
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28790-y
Publication status	E-pub ahead of print - 7 Mar 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This work was supported by EPSRC grants EP/R011141/1 (J.A.W. and A.C.), EP/L015544/1 (M.J.G., J.A.W. and A.C.) and EP/H025855/1 (C.P., L.M. and A.C.). Crystal growth and characterisation of LaFePO at Stanford University was supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-76SF00515 (J.G.A., J.H.C. and I.R.F.). Crystal growth and characterisation of CeCoIn was supported by the National Science Centre (Poland) under research grant No. 2015/19/B/ST3/03158 (D.K.). 5

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© 2022, The Author(s).

Keywords

cond-mat.supr-con
Electronic properties and materials
Superconducting properties and materials

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Normal and superconducting state electronic structure of iron based superconductors
Carrington, A. (Principal Investigator)
1/09/10 → 1/09/14
Project: Research

Magnetic penetration depth studies of the superconducting energy gap structure of LaFePO, CsV₃Sb₅ and UTe₂
Grant, M. J. (Author), Carrington, A. (Supervisor) & Hayden, S. (Supervisor), 9 May 2023
Student thesis: Doctoral Thesis › Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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title = "Observation of the Non-linear Meissner Effect",

abstract = " A long-standing theoretical prediction is that in clean, nodal unconventional superconductors the magnetic penetration depth $\lambda$, at zero temperature, varies linearly with magnetic field. This non-linear Meissner effect is an equally important manifestation of the nodal state as the well studied linear-in-$T$ dependence of $\lambda$, but has never been convincingly experimentally observed. Here we present measurements of the nodal superconductors CeCoIn$_5$ and LaFePO which clearly show this non-linear Meissner effect. We further show how the effect of a small dc magnetic field on $\lambda(T)$ can be used to distinguish gap nodes from non-nodal deep gap minima. Our measurements of KFe$_2$As$_2$ suggest that this material has such a non-nodal state. ",

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author = "Wilcox, {J. A.} and Grant, {M. J.} and L. Malone and C. Putzke and D. Kaczorowski and T. Wolf and F. Hardy and C. Meingast and Analytis, {J. G.} and Chu, {J. -H.} and Fisher, {I. R.} and A. Carrington",

note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by EPSRC grants EP/R011141/1 (J.A.W. and A.C.), EP/L015544/1 (M.J.G., J.A.W. and A.C.) and EP/H025855/1 (C.P., L.M. and A.C.). Crystal growth and characterisation of LaFePO at Stanford University was supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-76SF00515 (J.G.A., J.H.C. and I.R.F.). Crystal growth and characterisation of CeCoIn was supported by the National Science Centre (Poland) under research grant No. 2015/19/B/ST3/03158 (D.K.). 5 Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022, The Author(s).",

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AU - Wilcox, J. A.

AU - Grant, M. J.

AU - Malone, L.

AU - Putzke, C.

AU - Kaczorowski, D.

AU - Wolf, T.

AU - Hardy, F.

AU - Meingast, C.

AU - Analytis, J. G.

AU - Chu, J. -H.

AU - Fisher, I. R.

AU - Carrington, A.

N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by EPSRC grants EP/R011141/1 (J.A.W. and A.C.), EP/L015544/1 (M.J.G., J.A.W. and A.C.) and EP/H025855/1 (C.P., L.M. and A.C.). Crystal growth and characterisation of LaFePO at Stanford University was supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-76SF00515 (J.G.A., J.H.C. and I.R.F.). Crystal growth and characterisation of CeCoIn was supported by the National Science Centre (Poland) under research grant No. 2015/19/B/ST3/03158 (D.K.). 5 Publisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s).

PY - 2022/3/7

Y1 - 2022/3/7

N2 - A long-standing theoretical prediction is that in clean, nodal unconventional superconductors the magnetic penetration depth $\lambda$, at zero temperature, varies linearly with magnetic field. This non-linear Meissner effect is an equally important manifestation of the nodal state as the well studied linear-in-$T$ dependence of $\lambda$, but has never been convincingly experimentally observed. Here we present measurements of the nodal superconductors CeCoIn$_5$ and LaFePO which clearly show this non-linear Meissner effect. We further show how the effect of a small dc magnetic field on $\lambda(T)$ can be used to distinguish gap nodes from non-nodal deep gap minima. Our measurements of KFe$_2$As$_2$ suggest that this material has such a non-nodal state.

AB - A long-standing theoretical prediction is that in clean, nodal unconventional superconductors the magnetic penetration depth $\lambda$, at zero temperature, varies linearly with magnetic field. This non-linear Meissner effect is an equally important manifestation of the nodal state as the well studied linear-in-$T$ dependence of $\lambda$, but has never been convincingly experimentally observed. Here we present measurements of the nodal superconductors CeCoIn$_5$ and LaFePO which clearly show this non-linear Meissner effect. We further show how the effect of a small dc magnetic field on $\lambda(T)$ can be used to distinguish gap nodes from non-nodal deep gap minima. Our measurements of KFe$_2$As$_2$ suggest that this material has such a non-nodal state.

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KW - Electronic properties and materials

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DO - 10.1038/s41467-022-28790-y

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VL - 13

JO - Nature Communications

JF - Nature Communications

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Observation of the Non-linear Meissner Effect

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Projects

Normal and superconducting state electronic structure of iron based superconductors

Student theses

Magnetic penetration depth studies of the superconducting energy gap structure of LaFePO, CsV3Sb5 and UTe2

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Magnetic penetration depth studies of the superconducting energy gap structure of LaFePO, CsV₃Sb₅ and UTe₂