Performing and interpreting PCR assays in canine and feline patients

Background: Assays based upon PCR technology are non-culture-based molecular diagnostic tools that have the potential to detect pathogens, characterise the presence of both desirable and deleterious genetic traits, and facilitate the diagnosis of neoplasia. The availability of PCR assays to investigate disease and to guide treatment choices is ever increasing. They have the advantages of being highly sensitive and specific, can be performed on a wide variety of sample types, and have the potential to be an incredibly useful clinical tool. However, these assays are not without limitations, which must be considered when using them in practice.

Aim of the article: This article aims to provide an overview of the technology behind PCR assays, highlighting where this has been exploited for clinical use. Limitations to its application (ie, production of false positive and false negative results) are also reviewed.