Point-of-Care Testing for Hepatitis C in the Priority Settings of Mental Health, Prisons, and Drug and Alcohol Facilities—the PROMPt Study

Background:
A barrier to hepatitis C virus (HCV) cure is conventional testing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of HCV antibody and RNA point-of-care testing (POCT) on testing rates, linkage to care, treatment, and acceptability of testing in 3 priority settings in Australia.

Methods:
Participants were enrolled in an interventional cohort study at a reception prison, inpatient mental health service, and inpatient alcohol and other drug unit, between October 2020 and December 2021. HCV POCT was performed using SD Bioline HCV antibody fingerstick test and a reflexive Xpert HCV Viral Load Fingerstick test using capillary blood samples. A retrospective audit of HCV testing and treatment data was performed at each site for the preceding 12-month period to generate a historical control.

Results:
A total of 1549 participants received a HCV antibody test with 17% (264 of 1549) receiving a positive result, of whom 21% (55 of 264) tested HCV RNA positive. Across all settings the rate of testing per year significantly increased between the historical controls and the study intervention period by 2.57 fold (rate ratio, 2.57 [95% confidence interval, 2.32–2.85]) for HCV antibody testing and 1.62 (rate ratio, 1.62 [95% confidence interval, 1.31–2.01]) for RNA testing. Treatment uptake was higher during the POCT intervention (86% [47 of 55]; P = .01) compared to the historical controls (61% [27 of 44]).

Conclusions:
This study demonstrated across 3 settings that the use of HCV antibody and RNA POCT increased testing rates, treatment uptake, and linkage to care. The testing model was highly acceptable for most participants.