Prevalence and determinants of cardiovascular risk factors in Lesotho: a population-based survey

Lucia González Fernández; Emmanuel Firima; Ravi Gupta; Mamoronts'ane Pauline Sematle; Makhebe Khomolishoele; Manthabiseng Molulela; Matumaole Bane; Raphaela Meli; Mosa Tlahali; Tristan Lee; Frederique Chammartin; Felix Gerber; Thabo Ishmael Lejone; Irene Ayakaka; Maja Weisser; Alain Amstutz; Niklaus Daniel Labhardt

doi:10.1093/inthealth/ihad058

Prevalence and determinants of cardiovascular risk factors in Lesotho: a population-based survey

Lucia González Fernández^*, Emmanuel Firima, Ravi Gupta, Mamoronts'ane Pauline Sematle, Makhebe Khomolishoele, Manthabiseng Molulela, Matumaole Bane, Raphaela Meli, Mosa Tlahali, Tristan Lee, Frederique Chammartin, Felix Gerber, Thabo Ishmael Lejone, Irene Ayakaka, Maja Weisser, Alain Amstutz, Niklaus Daniel Labhardt^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Bristol Medical School (PHS)

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article (Academic Journal) › peer-review

8 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Background
There are no recent data on the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (CVDRFs) in Lesotho. This study aims to assess the prevalence of CVDRFs and their determinants.

Methods
We conducted a household-based, cross-sectional survey among adults ≥18 y of age in 120 randomly sampled clusters in two districts.

Results
Among 6061 participants, 52.2% were female and their median age was 39 y (interquartile range 27–58). The overall prevalence of overweight, diabetes, elevated blood pressure (BP) and tobacco use was 39.9%, 5.3%, 21.6% and 24.9%, respectively. Among participants, 34.6% had none, 45.2% had one and 20.2% had two or more CVDRFs. Women were more likely to have two or more CVDRFs (20.7% vs 12.3%). Overall, 7.5% of participants had elevated total cholesterol, 52.7% had low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and 1.6% had elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Among younger participants (18–29 y), 16.1% reported tobacco use, 28.6% were overweight, 1.5% had diabetes and 3.5% had elevated BP. Household wealth positively correlated with the prevalence of elevated BP, overweight and diabetes, whereas tobacco use was higher among people in the lowest three wealth quintiles.

Conclusions
CVDRFs are highly prevalent in Lesotho across age and sex groups, underlining the importance of strengthening prevention and care programs in Lesotho and similar settings in southern Africa.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	313-324
Number of pages	12
Journal	International Health
Volume	16
Issue number	3
Early online date	18 Aug 2023
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihad058
Publication status	Published - 1 May 2024

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.

Keywords

diabetes
dyslipidaemia
hypertension
non-communicable diseases
overweight
tobacco

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.1093/inthealth/ihad058Licence: CC BY-NC

Handle.net

Persistent link

Cite this

González Fernández, L., Firima, E., Gupta, R., Sematle, M. P., Khomolishoele, M., Molulela, M., Bane, M., Meli, R., Tlahali, M., Lee, T., Chammartin, F., Gerber, F., Lejone, T. I., Ayakaka, I., Weisser, M., Amstutz, A., & Labhardt, N. D. (2024). Prevalence and determinants of cardiovascular risk factors in Lesotho: a population-based survey. International Health, 16(3), 313-324. https://doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihad058

@article{9f49bb28254d489ca8f6469ce0ca783d,

title = "Prevalence and determinants of cardiovascular risk factors in Lesotho: a population-based survey",

abstract = "BackgroundThere are no recent data on the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (CVDRFs) in Lesotho. This study aims to assess the prevalence of CVDRFs and their determinants.MethodsWe conducted a household-based, cross-sectional survey among adults ≥18 y of age in 120 randomly sampled clusters in two districts.ResultsAmong 6061 participants, 52.2% were female and their median age was 39 y (interquartile range 27–58). The overall prevalence of overweight, diabetes, elevated blood pressure (BP) and tobacco use was 39.9%, 5.3%, 21.6% and 24.9%, respectively. Among participants, 34.6% had none, 45.2% had one and 20.2% had two or more CVDRFs. Women were more likely to have two or more CVDRFs (20.7% vs 12.3%). Overall, 7.5% of participants had elevated total cholesterol, 52.7% had low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and 1.6% had elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Among younger participants (18–29 y), 16.1% reported tobacco use, 28.6% were overweight, 1.5% had diabetes and 3.5% had elevated BP. Household wealth positively correlated with the prevalence of elevated BP, overweight and diabetes, whereas tobacco use was higher among people in the lowest three wealth quintiles.ConclusionsCVDRFs are highly prevalent in Lesotho across age and sex groups, underlining the importance of strengthening prevention and care programs in Lesotho and similar settings in southern Africa.",

keywords = "diabetes, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, non-communicable diseases, overweight, tobacco",

author = "{Gonz{\'a}lez Fern{\'a}ndez}, Lucia and Emmanuel Firima and Ravi Gupta and Sematle, {Mamoronts'ane Pauline} and Makhebe Khomolishoele and Manthabiseng Molulela and Matumaole Bane and Raphaela Meli and Mosa Tlahali and Tristan Lee and Frederique Chammartin and Felix Gerber and Lejone, {Thabo Ishmael} and Irene Ayakaka and Maja Weisser and Alain Amstutz and Labhardt, {Niklaus Daniel}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.",

year = "2024",

month = may,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1093/inthealth/ihad058",

language = "English",

volume = "16",

pages = "313--324",

journal = "International Health",

issn = "1876-3413",

publisher = "Elsevier Limited",

number = "3",

}

González Fernández, L, Firima, E, Gupta, R, Sematle, MP, Khomolishoele, M, Molulela, M, Bane, M, Meli, R, Tlahali, M, Lee, T, Chammartin, F, Gerber, F, Lejone, TI, Ayakaka, I, Weisser, M, Amstutz, A & Labhardt, ND 2024, 'Prevalence and determinants of cardiovascular risk factors in Lesotho: a population-based survey', International Health, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 313-324. https://doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihad058

TY - JOUR

T1 - Prevalence and determinants of cardiovascular risk factors in Lesotho

T2 - a population-based survey

AU - González Fernández, Lucia

AU - Firima, Emmanuel

AU - Gupta, Ravi

AU - Sematle, Mamoronts'ane Pauline

AU - Khomolishoele, Makhebe

AU - Molulela, Manthabiseng

AU - Bane, Matumaole

AU - Meli, Raphaela

AU - Tlahali, Mosa

AU - Lee, Tristan

AU - Chammartin, Frederique

AU - Gerber, Felix

AU - Lejone, Thabo Ishmael

AU - Ayakaka, Irene

AU - Weisser, Maja

AU - Amstutz, Alain

AU - Labhardt, Niklaus Daniel

PY - 2024/5/1

Y1 - 2024/5/1

N2 - BackgroundThere are no recent data on the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (CVDRFs) in Lesotho. This study aims to assess the prevalence of CVDRFs and their determinants.MethodsWe conducted a household-based, cross-sectional survey among adults ≥18 y of age in 120 randomly sampled clusters in two districts.ResultsAmong 6061 participants, 52.2% were female and their median age was 39 y (interquartile range 27–58). The overall prevalence of overweight, diabetes, elevated blood pressure (BP) and tobacco use was 39.9%, 5.3%, 21.6% and 24.9%, respectively. Among participants, 34.6% had none, 45.2% had one and 20.2% had two or more CVDRFs. Women were more likely to have two or more CVDRFs (20.7% vs 12.3%). Overall, 7.5% of participants had elevated total cholesterol, 52.7% had low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and 1.6% had elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Among younger participants (18–29 y), 16.1% reported tobacco use, 28.6% were overweight, 1.5% had diabetes and 3.5% had elevated BP. Household wealth positively correlated with the prevalence of elevated BP, overweight and diabetes, whereas tobacco use was higher among people in the lowest three wealth quintiles.ConclusionsCVDRFs are highly prevalent in Lesotho across age and sex groups, underlining the importance of strengthening prevention and care programs in Lesotho and similar settings in southern Africa.

AB - BackgroundThere are no recent data on the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (CVDRFs) in Lesotho. This study aims to assess the prevalence of CVDRFs and their determinants.MethodsWe conducted a household-based, cross-sectional survey among adults ≥18 y of age in 120 randomly sampled clusters in two districts.ResultsAmong 6061 participants, 52.2% were female and their median age was 39 y (interquartile range 27–58). The overall prevalence of overweight, diabetes, elevated blood pressure (BP) and tobacco use was 39.9%, 5.3%, 21.6% and 24.9%, respectively. Among participants, 34.6% had none, 45.2% had one and 20.2% had two or more CVDRFs. Women were more likely to have two or more CVDRFs (20.7% vs 12.3%). Overall, 7.5% of participants had elevated total cholesterol, 52.7% had low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and 1.6% had elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Among younger participants (18–29 y), 16.1% reported tobacco use, 28.6% were overweight, 1.5% had diabetes and 3.5% had elevated BP. Household wealth positively correlated with the prevalence of elevated BP, overweight and diabetes, whereas tobacco use was higher among people in the lowest three wealth quintiles.ConclusionsCVDRFs are highly prevalent in Lesotho across age and sex groups, underlining the importance of strengthening prevention and care programs in Lesotho and similar settings in southern Africa.

KW - diabetes

KW - dyslipidaemia

KW - hypertension

KW - non-communicable diseases

KW - overweight

KW - tobacco

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85186471278&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1093/inthealth/ihad058

DO - 10.1093/inthealth/ihad058

M3 - Article (Academic Journal)

C2 - 37593886

AN - SCOPUS:85186471278

SN - 1876-3413

VL - 16

SP - 313

EP - 324

JO - International Health

JF - International Health

IS - 3

ER -

Prevalence and determinants of cardiovascular risk factors in Lesotho: a population-based survey

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

UN SDGs

Access to Document

Handle.net

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this