Rapid increase in ozone-depleting chloroform emissions from China

Xuekun Fang; Sunyoung Park; Takuya Saito; Rachel Tunnicliffe; Anita L. Ganesan; Matthew Rigby; Shanlan Li; Yoko Yokouchi; Paul J. Fraser; Christina M. Harth; Paul B. Krummel; Jens Mühle; Simon O’Doherty; Peter K. Salameh; Peter G. Simmonds; Ray F. Weiss; Dickon Young; Mark F. Lunt; Alistair J. Manning; Alicia Gressent; Ronald G. Prinn

doi:10.1038/s41561-018-0278-2

Rapid increase in ozone-depleting chloroform emissions from China

Xuekun Fang^*, Sunyoung Park, Takuya Saito, Rachel Tunnicliffe, Anita L. Ganesan, Matthew Rigby, Shanlan Li, Yoko Yokouchi, Paul J. Fraser, Christina M. Harth, Paul B. Krummel, Jens Mühle, Simon O’Doherty, Peter K. Salameh, Peter G. Simmonds, Ray F. Weiss, Dickon Young, Mark F. Lunt, Alistair J. Manning, Alicia GressentRonald G. Prinn

^*Corresponding author for this work

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Abstract

Chloroform contributes to the depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer. However, due to its short lifetime and predominantly natural sources, it is not included in the Montreal Protocol that regulates the production and uses of ozone-depleting substances. Atmospheric chloroform mole fractions were relatively stable or slowly decreased during 1990–2010. Here we show that global chloroform mole fractions increased after 2010, based on in situ chloroform measurements at seven stations around the world. We estimate that the global chloroform emissions grew at the rate of 3.5% yr⁻¹ between 2010 and 2015 based on atmospheric model simulations. We used two regional inverse modelling approaches, combined with observations from East Asia, to show that emissions from eastern China grew by 49 (41–59) Gg between 2010 and 2015, a change that could explain the entire increase in global emissions. We suggest that if chloroform emissions continuously grow at the current rate, the recovery of the stratospheric ozone layer above Antarctica could be delayed by several years.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	89-93
Number of pages	5
Journal	Nature Geoscience
Volume	12
Issue number	2
Early online date	21 Dec 2018
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-018-0278-2
Publication status	Published - Feb 2019

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Fang, X., Park, S., Saito, T., Tunnicliffe, R., Ganesan, A. L., Rigby, M., Li, S., Yokouchi, Y., Fraser, P. J., Harth, C. M., Krummel, P. B., Mühle, J., O’Doherty, S., Salameh, P. K., Simmonds, P. G., Weiss, R. F., Young, D., Lunt, M. F., Manning, A. J., ... Prinn, R. G. (2019). Rapid increase in ozone-depleting chloroform emissions from China. Nature Geoscience, 12(2), 89-93. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-018-0278-2

@article{b5b6d7e5e8154fb8b303acfd9b374546,

title = "Rapid increase in ozone-depleting chloroform emissions from China",

abstract = "Chloroform contributes to the depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer. However, due to its short lifetime and predominantly natural sources, it is not included in the Montreal Protocol that regulates the production and uses of ozone-depleting substances. Atmospheric chloroform mole fractions were relatively stable or slowly decreased during 1990–2010. Here we show that global chloroform mole fractions increased after 2010, based on in situ chloroform measurements at seven stations around the world. We estimate that the global chloroform emissions grew at the rate of 3.5% yr−1 between 2010 and 2015 based on atmospheric model simulations. We used two regional inverse modelling approaches, combined with observations from East Asia, to show that emissions from eastern China grew by 49 (41–59) Gg between 2010 and 2015, a change that could explain the entire increase in global emissions. We suggest that if chloroform emissions continuously grow at the current rate, the recovery of the stratospheric ozone layer above Antarctica could be delayed by several years.",

author = "Xuekun Fang and Sunyoung Park and Takuya Saito and Rachel Tunnicliffe and Ganesan, {Anita L.} and Matthew Rigby and Shanlan Li and Yoko Yokouchi and Fraser, {Paul J.} and Harth, {Christina M.} and Krummel, {Paul B.} and Jens M{\"u}hle and Simon O{\textquoteright}Doherty and Salameh, {Peter K.} and Simmonds, {Peter G.} and Weiss, {Ray F.} and Dickon Young and Lunt, {Mark F.} and Manning, {Alistair J.} and Alicia Gressent and Prinn, {Ronald G.}",

year = "2019",

month = feb,

doi = "10.1038/s41561-018-0278-2",

language = "English",

volume = "12",

pages = "89--93",

journal = "Nature Geoscience",

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Fang, X, Park, S, Saito, T, Tunnicliffe, R , Ganesan, AL , Rigby, M, Li, S, Yokouchi, Y, Fraser, PJ, Harth, CM, Krummel, PB, Mühle, J, O’Doherty, S, Salameh, PK, Simmonds, PG, Weiss, RF, Young, D, Lunt, MF, Manning, AJ, Gressent, A & Prinn, RG 2019, 'Rapid increase in ozone-depleting chloroform emissions from China', Nature Geoscience, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 89-93. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-018-0278-2

TY - JOUR

T1 - Rapid increase in ozone-depleting chloroform emissions from China

AU - Fang, Xuekun

AU - Park, Sunyoung

AU - Saito, Takuya

AU - Tunnicliffe, Rachel

AU - Ganesan, Anita L.

AU - Rigby, Matthew

AU - Li, Shanlan

AU - Yokouchi, Yoko

AU - Fraser, Paul J.

AU - Harth, Christina M.

AU - Krummel, Paul B.

AU - Mühle, Jens

AU - O’Doherty, Simon

AU - Salameh, Peter K.

AU - Simmonds, Peter G.

AU - Weiss, Ray F.

AU - Young, Dickon

AU - Lunt, Mark F.

AU - Manning, Alistair J.

AU - Gressent, Alicia

AU - Prinn, Ronald G.

PY - 2019/2

Y1 - 2019/2

N2 - Chloroform contributes to the depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer. However, due to its short lifetime and predominantly natural sources, it is not included in the Montreal Protocol that regulates the production and uses of ozone-depleting substances. Atmospheric chloroform mole fractions were relatively stable or slowly decreased during 1990–2010. Here we show that global chloroform mole fractions increased after 2010, based on in situ chloroform measurements at seven stations around the world. We estimate that the global chloroform emissions grew at the rate of 3.5% yr−1 between 2010 and 2015 based on atmospheric model simulations. We used two regional inverse modelling approaches, combined with observations from East Asia, to show that emissions from eastern China grew by 49 (41–59) Gg between 2010 and 2015, a change that could explain the entire increase in global emissions. We suggest that if chloroform emissions continuously grow at the current rate, the recovery of the stratospheric ozone layer above Antarctica could be delayed by several years.

AB - Chloroform contributes to the depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer. However, due to its short lifetime and predominantly natural sources, it is not included in the Montreal Protocol that regulates the production and uses of ozone-depleting substances. Atmospheric chloroform mole fractions were relatively stable or slowly decreased during 1990–2010. Here we show that global chloroform mole fractions increased after 2010, based on in situ chloroform measurements at seven stations around the world. We estimate that the global chloroform emissions grew at the rate of 3.5% yr−1 between 2010 and 2015 based on atmospheric model simulations. We used two regional inverse modelling approaches, combined with observations from East Asia, to show that emissions from eastern China grew by 49 (41–59) Gg between 2010 and 2015, a change that could explain the entire increase in global emissions. We suggest that if chloroform emissions continuously grow at the current rate, the recovery of the stratospheric ozone layer above Antarctica could be delayed by several years.

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U2 - 10.1038/s41561-018-0278-2

DO - 10.1038/s41561-018-0278-2

M3 - Article (Academic Journal)

SN - 1752-0894

VL - 12

SP - 89

EP - 93

JO - Nature Geoscience

JF - Nature Geoscience

IS - 2

ER -

Rapid increase in ozone-depleting chloroform emissions from China

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Rapid increase in ozone-depleting chloroform emissions from China

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