TY - CHAP
T1 - Real, Scaled, Adjusted and Artificial Records
T2 - A Displacement and Cyclic Response Assessment
AU - Iervolino, Iunio
AU - de Luca, Flavia
AU - Cosenza, Edoardo
AU - Manfredi, Gaetano
N1 - Accepted for publication on 28 April 2010
PY - 2010/6/12
Y1 - 2010/6/12
N2 - Different procedures to obtain sets of spectrum compatible records for nonlinear dynamic analysis of structures are compared in terms of post-elastic structural response. Six typologies of records are considered: un-scaled real records, real moderately linearly scaled, real significantly linearly scaled, real adjusted by wavelets, artificial generated by two different procedures. The study is spectral shape-based, that is, all sets of records considered, either generated or selected, match individually (artificial and adjusted) or on average (real records), the same design spectrum of a case-study site in Italy. Bilinear non-degrading single degree of freedom systems were used to evaluate the nonlinear response for the compared sets at different non-linearity levels; i.e., demand spectra in terms of peak and cyclic response were derived for two strength reduction factors. Results show that artificial or adjusted records may underestimate, at high non-linearity levels, the displacement-related non-linear response if compared to real records, which are considered as a benchmark. Conversely, if the cyclic response is considered, artificial record sets show a (more evident) overestimation of the demand, while wavelet-adjusted do not display a significant bias. Finally the two groups of linearly scaled records seem to show no systematic bias for both types of response considered, suggesting that scaling does not impair estimation of seismic response if the spectral shape is controlled.
AB - Different procedures to obtain sets of spectrum compatible records for nonlinear dynamic analysis of structures are compared in terms of post-elastic structural response. Six typologies of records are considered: un-scaled real records, real moderately linearly scaled, real significantly linearly scaled, real adjusted by wavelets, artificial generated by two different procedures. The study is spectral shape-based, that is, all sets of records considered, either generated or selected, match individually (artificial and adjusted) or on average (real records), the same design spectrum of a case-study site in Italy. Bilinear non-degrading single degree of freedom systems were used to evaluate the nonlinear response for the compared sets at different non-linearity levels; i.e., demand spectra in terms of peak and cyclic response were derived for two strength reduction factors. Results show that artificial or adjusted records may underestimate, at high non-linearity levels, the displacement-related non-linear response if compared to real records, which are considered as a benchmark. Conversely, if the cyclic response is considered, artificial record sets show a (more evident) overestimation of the demand, while wavelet-adjusted do not display a significant bias. Finally the two groups of linearly scaled records seem to show no systematic bias for both types of response considered, suggesting that scaling does not impair estimation of seismic response if the spectral shape is controlled.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84874799742&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/978-90-481-8746-1_4
DO - 10.1007/978-90-481-8746-1_4
M3 - Chapter in a book
AN - SCOPUS:84874799742
SN - 9789048187454
VL - 13
T3 - Geotechnical, Geological and Earthquake Engineering
SP - 39
EP - 47
BT - Advances in Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering
A2 - Fardis, Micheal
PB - Springer, Dordrecht
ER -