Red deer Cervus elaphus blink more in larger groups

Zeke W. Rowe, Joseph H. Robins, Sean A. Rands

Research output: Contribution to journalArticle (Academic Journal)peer-review

Abstract

Most animals need to spend time being vigilant for predators, at the expense of other activities such as foraging. Group-living animals can benefit from the shared vigilance effort of other group members, with individuals reducing personal vigilance effort as group size increases. Behaviors like active scanning or head lifting are usually used to quantify vigilance but may not be accurate measures of this. We suggest that measur- ing an animal's blinking rate gives a meaningful measure of vigilance: increased blink- ing implies reduced vigilance, as the animal cannot detect predators when its eyes are closed. We describe an observational study of a captive population of red deer, where we measured the blinking rates of individual deer from groups of differing sizes (where mean group size ranged between 1 and 42.7 individuals). We demonstrate that as group size increases in red deer, individuals increase their blink rate, confirm- ing the prediction that vigilance should decrease. Blinking is a simple non-invasive measure and offers a useful metric for assessing the welfare of animals experiencing an increase in perceived predation risk or other stressors.
Original languageEnglish
Article numbere9908
Number of pages9
JournalEcology and Evolution
Volume13
Issue number3
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 15 Mar 2023

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