Serum calcium and risk of migraine: a Mendelian randomization study

Peter Yin, Verneri Anttila, Katherine Siewert, Aarno Palotie, George Davey Smith, Benjamin Voight

Research output: Contribution to journalArticle (Academic Journal)peer-review

31 Citations (Scopus)
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Abstract

Migraine affects ~14% of the world’s population, though not all predisposing causal risk factors are known. We used electronic health records, genetic co-heritability analysis, and a two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) design to determine if elevated serum calcium levels were associated with risk of migraine headache. Co-morbidity was evaluated using electronic health records obtained from the PennOmics database comprising >1 million patient entries. Genetic co-heritability and causality via MR was assessed using data from the International Headache Consortium (23,285 cases, 95,425 controls) and circulating serum calcium levels (39,400 subjects). We observed co-occurrence of migraine and hypercalcemia ICD-9 diagnoses (OR = 1.58, P < 10-13), even after inclusion of additional risk factors for migraine (OR = 1.23, P = 2 x10-3). Second, we observed co-heritability (rg=0.191, P = 0.03) between serum calcium and migraine headache, indicating that these traits have a genetic basis in common. Finally, we found that elevation of serum calcium levels by 1 mg/dl resulting from our genetic score was associated with an increase in risk of migraine (OR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.31-2.46, P = 2.5 x 10-4), evidence supporting a causal hypothesis. We also present multiple MR sensitivity analyses in support of this central finding. Our results provide evidence that hypercalcemia is comorbid with migraine headache diagnoses, and that genetically elevated serum calcium over lifetime appears to increase risk for migraine. Further studies will be required to understand the biological mechanism, pathways, and clinical implication for risk management.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)820-828
Number of pages9
JournalHuman Molecular Genetics
Volume26
Issue number4
Early online date26 Dec 2016
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 15 Feb 2017

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